< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gleznъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Uncertain.

  • Both Derksen and Trubachyov point a relation with Old Norse klakkr (“bump, hillock”), Norwegian klakk, dial. Swedish klakk (“heel (shoe); knoll in the field”), Middle High German klac (“a bang, crack, split”) (from pre-Germanic *gloǵno-), which would make the lemma a descendant of Proto-Indo-European *gleǵn- (see Proto-Slavic *glazъ (“ball, eye”) for further etymology). This etymology however demands that Winter's law was not applied in most of the descending forms.
  • Georgiev draws comparison with Sanskrit ग्लह m (glaha, “gaming, dice”).
  • Matasović instead compares these Slavic terms with Latin flectō (“to bend”), reconstructing a root Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰleǵʰ- to serve as their ancestor.[1]

Noun

gleznъ m[2]

  1. ankle

Alternative forms
  • *glěznь m
  • *glezna f
  • *glezno n

Declension
Declension of *gleznъ (hard o-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *gleznъ *glezna *glezni
genitive *glezna *gleznu *gleznъ
dative *gleznu *gleznoma *gleznomъ
accusative *gleznъ *glezna *glezny
instrumental *gleznъmь, *gleznomь* *gleznoma *glezny
locative *glezně *gleznu *glezněxъ
vocative *glezne *glezna *glezni
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants

From *gleznъ m, *glěznь m:

  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: глѣзнъ (glěznŭ, “ankle, heel”)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: глезьн҄ь (glezĭnʹĭ)
      Glagolitic script: ⰳⰾⰵⰸⱐⱀⱐ (glezĭnĭ)
      • Bulgarian: гле́зен (glézen), гле́зьнь (glézʹnʹ); гле́жен’ (gléžen’) (dialectal)
      • Russian Church Slavonic: глезнъ (gleznŭ, “ankle, heel”); Глезнъ (Gleznŭ, “given name”)
    • Macedonian: глезен (glezen), глужд (glužd)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: гле̏жањ, гле̑жањ, гле̏зан, глијѐжан́ (“ankle; shinbone”)
      Latin script: glȅžanj, glȇžanj, glȅzan, glijèžań (“ankle; shinbone”)
    • Slovene: gléženj, gléžen (“ankle; wrist”)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: hlezen
      • Czech: hlezen (archaic)
        • →? Ukrainian: гле́зень (hlézenʹ) (dialectal)
    • Old Polish: glozn, głozn (“ankle, shin”)
    • Sorbian:
      • ⇒ Lower Sorbian: glozonk, glozonka

From *glezna f:

  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: глѣзна (glězna, “ankle, heel”)
      • >? Old Ruthenian: гле́зна (hlézna) (15th-17th cent.)
        • Ukrainian: гле́зна (hlézna) (dialectal)
      • >? Russian: глёзна (gljózna, “shin, ankle”)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: глезьна (glezĭna)
      Glagolitic script: ⰳⰾⰵⰸⱐⱀⰰ (glezĭna)
      • Bulgarian: глезна́ (glezná) (obsolete)
        • → Romanian: gleznă
          • → Bulgarian: гле́зна (glézna)
      • Russian Church Slavonic: глезна (glezna, “ankle, heel”); Глезна (Glezna) (former Volhynian village, toponym)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: гле̏жања (“joint; ankle”)
      Latin script: glȅžnja (“joint; ankle”)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: hlezna
    • Old Polish: glozna (“ankle, shin”)
      • Polish: glozna (“elbow joint; ankle; shinbone”) (obsolete)

From *glezno n:

  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: глѣзно (glězno, “ankle, heel”)
      • >? Old Ruthenian: гле́зно (hlézno) (17th cent.)
        • Ukrainian: гле́зно (hlézno) (dialectal)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: глезьно (glezĭno)
      Glagolitic script: ⰳⰾⰵⰸⱐⱀⱁ (glezĭno)
      • Russian Church Slavonic: глезно (glezno, “ankle, heel”)
    • Macedonian: глезно (glezno) (folklore)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: гле̏жно, гље̏жно, гље̏зно, глезно (“ankle; shinbone”); γлиезно̏ (dialectal)
      Latin script: glȅžno, gljȅžno, gljȅzno, glezno (“ankle; shinbone”); γlieznȍ (dialectal)
      • Chakavian Serbo-Croatian: gleznȍ, glježno, gljezno
    • Slovene: gléžno (“ankle; wrist”)
  • West Slavic:

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*glezna / *glezno / *gleznъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 118
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “глезен, мн. глезени”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 248
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “глаз”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

References
  1. Matasović, Ranko (2017) “Latin presents in -t- and the etymologies of necto ‘to weave, bind’ and flecto ‘to bend, curve’”, in Pallas‎, number 103, Presses Universitaires du Midi, →ISSN, →JSTOR, retrieved June 5, 2023, pages 37–43
  2. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*glezna; *glezno; *gleznъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 163: “f. ā; n. o; m. o ‘ankle(-bone)’”
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