< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dyra

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

U-vocalism of Proto-Slavic *dira, from the intensive stem of *dъrati (“to tear”) +‎ *-a, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear”). Trubachev explains *-y- with the influence of prefixed forms in Proto-Slavic *u- such as Proto-Slavic *udъriti (“to flench”), which hardened the root vowel. A similar development is attested in Lithuanian dùrti (“to stab, to prick”), Latvian dur̃t (“to stab, to prick”).[1]

Noun

dyrà f

  1. crack, snick, notch
    Synonyms: *rězъ, *pazina, *želbъ

Alternative forms

Declension
Declension of *dyra (hard a-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *dyra *dyrě *dyry
genitive *dyry *dyru *dyrъ
dative *dyrě *dyrama *dyramъ
accusative *dyrǫ *dyrě *dyry
instrumental *dyrojǫ, *dyrǫ** *dyrama *dyrami
locative *dyrě *dyru *dyrasъ, *dyraxъ*
vocative *dyro *dyrě *dyry
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
  • *derti, *dьrati (“to tear, to flay”)
  • *derъ, *derьba (“skinning, flaying”)
  • *dorъ (“tearing, split”)

Derived terms
  • *dyravъ (“torn, engraved”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: дꙑрꙗ (dyrja)
    • Russian: дыра́ (dyrá)
  • West Slavic:
    • Polabian: darӑ

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “дыра́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dyra”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 205

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2015) “durti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 147
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