Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dьrzati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Per Derksen and Trubachev, a verb in *-ati correlating with the adjective *dьrzъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dirs- (with secondary *-z- in Proto-Slavic of unknown origin), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰr̥s-u-, from the root *dʰers-. Cognate with Lithuanian drį̃sti (“to dare”), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌰𐌽 (gadaursan, “to venture”), English dare, Lithuanian drąsùs (“courageous”), Latvian drùoss, drùošs (“courageous”), Old Prussian dirsos (“good”), dyrsos (“good, brave”), Sanskrit धृष्णु (dhṛṣṇú, “bold, strong, courageous”), Ancient Greek θρασύς (thrasús, “bold”).
Per Vasmer and Chernykh, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ-. Cognate with Lithuanian dir̃žnas (“strong”), dir̃žti (“to become strong, to harden”), Sanskrit दृह्यति (dṛ́hyati, “to be strong”), Avestan 𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬭𐬀- (dər^əzra-, “strong”), 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (dar^əzaiieⁱti, “to bind”), Old Latin forctis (“strong”) (whence Latin fortis).

Verb

*dьrzati impf

to dare

Inflection

Conjugation of *dьrzati, *dьrza, *dьrzajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*dьrzanьje	*dьrzati	*dьrzatъ	*dьrzalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*dьrzanъ	*dьrzajemъ
Active	*dьrzavъ	*dьrzaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dьrzaxъ	*dьrza	*dьrza	*dьrzajǫ	*dьrzaješi	*dьrzajetь
Dual	*dьrzaxově	*dьrzasta	*dьrzaste	*dьrzajevě	*dьrzajeta	*dьrzajete
Plural	*dьrzaxomъ	*dьrzaste	*dьrzašę	*dьrzajemъ	*dьrzajete	*dьrzajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dьrzaaxъ	*dьrzaaše	*dьrzaaše	—	*dьrzaji	*dьrzaji
Dual	*dьrzaaxově	*dьrzaašeta	*dьrzaašete	*dьrzajivě	*dьrzajita	—
Plural	*dьrzaaxomъ	*dьrzaašete	*dьrzaaxǫ	*dьrzajimъ	*dьrzajite	—

Related terms

*dьrzъ (“daring, bold”)
*dьrzъkъ (“bold”)
*dьrznǫti (“to dare”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: дьрзати (dĭrzati), дьръзати (dĭrŭzati), дрьзати (drĭzati, “to dare”) (11th century)
  - Russian: дерза́ть (derzátʹ, “to dare”), 1sg. дерза́ю (derzáju)
    - → Bulgarian: дерзая (derzaja)
  - Ukrainian: дерза́ти (derzáty, “to dare; (reflexive) to gather strength”)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: дрьзати (drĭzati), дръзати (drŭzati, “to dare, to be bold”); 1sg. дрьзаѭ (drĭzajǫ)
  
  Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: дърза́я (dǎrzája, “to dare”) (dialectal)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: др̏зати (“to dare”)
  
  Latin script: dȑzati (“to dare”)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: drzati (“to dare”)

References

Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “де́рзкий”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 244
Derksen, Rick (2008) “*dьrzati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 136
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dьrzati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 227
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “дерза́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

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