< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьba

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Originally the suffix proper is *-ba, with *-ь and *-o abstracted from i- and o-stem basewords, respectively. Sometimes the original abstract noun in *-ь is still preserved, e.g.

  • *bornь (“defense; fight; dispute”) → *bornьba
  • *rězь (“cut, cutting”) → *rězьba

Further, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ba, from Proto-Indo-European *-bʰo-, *-bʰeh₂ found in nouns and adjectives.

Cognate with Lithuanian -ýba, -ỹbė and Latvian -ība.

Suffix

*-ьba f

  1. Forms action nouns from verbs.
    *družьba (“company”) ⇐ *družiti sę (“to socialize, get together”) ⇐ *drugъ
    *služьba (“service, serving”) ⇐ *služiti (“to serve”) ⇐ *sluga
    *gǫdьba (“band”) ⇐ *gǫsti (“to play a string instrument”) < *gǫdti

Declension
Declension of *-ьba (hard a-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *-ьba *-ьbě *-ьby
genitive *-ьby *-ьbu *-ьbъ
dative *-ьbě *-ьbama *-ьbamъ
accusative *-ьbǫ *-ьbě *-ьby
instrumental *-ьbojǫ, *-ьbǫ** *-ьbama *-ьbami
locative *-ьbě *-ьbu *-ьbasъ, *-ьbaxъ*
vocative *-ьbo *-ьbě *-ьby
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Usage notes
  • Usually derived from verbs ending in -i- and rarely from verbs ending in -C-
  • Usually it's not used with roots ending in b/p/v/m (see *-ьda, *-ežь).

Alternative forms

See also

Derived terms
Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ьba
Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ьda

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: -ьба (-ĭba)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: -ьба (-ĭba)
      Glagolitic script: -ⱐⰱⰰ (-ĭba)
    • Bulgarian: -ба (-ba)
    • Macedonian: -ба (-ba)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: -ба
      Latin script: -ba
    • Slovene: -ba
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: -ba
    • Polish: -ba
    • Slovak: -ba
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: -ba
      • Lower Sorbian: -ba

Further reading
  • Šekli, Matej (2012) “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies‎ (in Slovene), volume 10, number 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32
  • Halla-aho, Jussi (2006) Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology: On the Basis of Old Church Slavic (Slavica Helsingiensia; 26), Helsinki: University of Helsinki, page 86f
  • Osten-Sacken, W. Frhr. v. d. (1909), Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Nomina auf slavisch -ьba, litauisch -ýbas -ýba -ỹbė, lettisch -ība, Indogermanische Forschungen 26, 307-324
  • Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “*-ьba”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 61
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*krivьda”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 175
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1974), “*bajьda”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 1 (*a – *besědьlivъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 140
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