< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/želza

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰelǵʰ-, related to Lithuanian gẽležuones, Old Armenian գեղձք (gełjkʻ).

Noun

*žēlzà f[1][2]

  1. gland

Declension
Declension of *žēlzà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
singular dual plural
nominative *žēlzà *žẽlzě *žēlzỳ
genitive *žēlzỳ *žēlzù *žẽlzъ
dative *žēlzě̀ *žēlzàma *žēlzàmъ
accusative *žēlzǫ̀ *žẽlzě *žēlzỳ
instrumental *žēlzòjǫ, *žẽlzǫ** *žēlzàma *žēlzàmī
locative *žēlzě̀ *žēlzù *žēlzàsъ, *žēlzàxъ*
vocative *želzo *žẽlzě *žēlzỳ
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Alternative forms
  • *želzda (expressive)
  • *žьlza (Lechitic, Wendish)

Descendants

From full-grade *želza, *želzda:

  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: желоза (želoza), железа (železa)
    • Old Novgorodian: зелеза (zeleza) (Old Pskovian)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: жлѣза (žlěza)
      Glagolitic script: ⰶⰾⱑⰸⰰ (žlěza)
    • Bulgarian: жлеза́ (žlezá); жле́га (žléga), жлю́га (žljúga) (dialectal)
    • Macedonian: жлезда (žlezda)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: жле́зда, жље́зда, жлије́зда
      Latin script: žlézda, žljézda, žlijézda
      • Chakavian (Grobnik): žlēzdȁ
      • Chakavian (Brest, Duga Resa): žlȇzdra
      • Chakavian (Mrkoči, Batlug, Istria): žlēzdȁ
      • Kajkavian (Varaždin): žlẹ̃zda
    • Slovene: žlẹ́za
  • West Slavic:

From zero-grade *žьlza:

  • West Slavic:
    • Old Polish: zołzy f pl (“glandular infectious disease”)
      • Polish: zołza (epithet for “vicious woman”)
      • → Ukrainian: зо́лза (zólza)
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: žałza
      • Lower Sorbian: žałza, załza

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*želza”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 557
  2. Snoj, Marko (2016) “žleza”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *želza̋”

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “железа́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “жлеза, жлега”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 550
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