Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/baʕlat-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

From *baʕl- (“master”) +‎ *-at- (feminine suffix).

Noun

*baʕlat- f

mistress, lady
Coordinate term: *ṣ́arrat-

Inflection

Declension of *baʕlat-

Case

Singular

Dual

Plural

Nominative

*baʕlatum

*baʕlatāna

*baʕlātum

Genitive

*baʕlatim

*baʕlatayna

*baʕlātim

Accusative

*baʕlatam

possessive forms

1st person

*baʕlatī / *baʕlatVya

—

*baʕlatVni

2nd person m

*baʕlatVka

*baʕlatVkumā / *baʕlatVkumay

*baʕlatVkum(ū)

2nd person f

*baʕlatVki

*baʕlatVkin(ā)

3rd person m

*baʕlatVšu

*baʕlatVšumā / *baʕlatVšumay

*baʕlatVšum(ū)

3rd person f

*baʕlatVša

*baʕlatVšin(ā)

Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *baʕlatuya for nom. case, *baʕlatiya for gen. case, *baʕlataya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *baʕlat-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*baʕlatuka	*baʕlatāka	*baʕlātuka
Genitive	*baʕlatika	*baʕlatayka	*baʕlātika
Accusative	*baʕlataka	*baʕlatayka	*baʕlātika

Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *baʕlat-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*baʕlatuki	*baʕlatāki	*baʕlātuki
Genitive	*baʕlatiki	*baʕlatayki	*baʕlātiki
Accusative	*baʕlataki	*baʕlatayki	*baʕlātiki

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒎏 (bēltum)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: بَعْلَة (baʕla)
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic:
      Palmyrene Aramaic: 𐡡𐡰𐡫𐡶𐡪 (bʿltk, literally “your lady”)
      - Classical Syriac: ܒܱ݁ܥܠܬܴ݁ܐ (baʿltā)
    - Canaanite:
      - Biblical Hebrew: בַּעֲלָה (baʿălâ), בַּעֲלָת (baʿălāṯ)
      - Phoenician: 𐤁𐤏𐤋𐤕 (bʿlt)
    - Ugaritic: 𐎁𐎓𐎍𐎚 (bʿlt)
  - → Akkadian: 𒁀𒀪𒀠𒌅 (ba-ʾ-al-tu /⁠baʾaltu⁠/), 𒁀𒀪𒆷𒌅 (ba-ʾ-la-tu /⁠baʾlatu⁠/)
- Modern South Arabian:
  - Mehri: bālīt
  - Shehri: āʿlét, baʿalét
  - Soqotri: báləh

References

Huehnergard, John (2019) “Proto-Semitic”, in Huehnergard, John and Na'ama Pat-El, editors, The Semitic Languages, 2nd edition, Routledge, →ISBN

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