< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/hampr̥sā

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Possibly related to Proto-Northeast Caucasian *ɢHabrišwV (gooseberry). And cognate to Aramaic אַרְזָא / ܐܪܙܐ (ʾarzā, cedar), Ugaritic 𐎀𐎗𐎇 (ảrz, cedar) – compare Ancient Greek κέδρος (kédros, cedar; juniper) –, necessarily a local substrate as absent in the other Semitic languages but as a borrowing from Aramaic.

Perhaps ultimately related via ideas of tree-resin and balsam to a Caucasian term for “black”, Proto-Nakh *ʡārč̣in (particularly similar to the Proto-Turkic reconstruction *arčïn (juniper)) and Old Armenian արջն (arǰn) – even if the colour name may be from a tree name.

Noun

*hampr̥sā f

  1. juniper, or specifically savin

Descendants

  • Central Iranian:
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬯𐬍 f (hapərə)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Pashto: اوبخته (ōbax̌ta, obəx̌ta)
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
      • Yidgha: [script needed] (yovurso)
      • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
        • Proto-Shughni-Roshani:
          • Sarikoli: ůmbarc, ůmbars
          • Shughni: амбух̌ц (ambux̌c), (Oroshori) əмба̄в̌с (əmbāws), (Khufi) амба̄в̌с (ambāws)
        • Yazghulami: әнбис (ənbis), ǝмбис (ǝmbis)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi: اَپُرس (apors)
    • Kurdish:
      Northern Kurdish: ھەڤرِس (hevris), ھەڤریس (hevrîs), ھێڤرِست (hêvrist), ئێرڤِست (êrvist), ئەڤرِست (evrist), ئێڤِست m or f (êvist)
      Central Kurdish: ھەورِس (hewris)
    • Medo-Parthian:
      • Mazanderani: ارس (ors)
      • Old Median: *hapr̥sah
        • Akkadian: 𒀊𒊒𒊭 (ap-ru-ša)
        • Elamite: 𒄩𒂟𒊓 (ha-pír-sa)
      • Parthian: [script needed] (ʾbwrs /⁠aburs⁠/)
        • Parthian: [script needed] (ʾbwrsʾm /⁠abursām⁠/), [script needed] (ʾbwrsm /⁠abursam⁠/)
      • Middle Persian: [script needed] (ʾbwrs /⁠aburs⁠/)
        • Persian: ورس (vors), برس (burs), ارس (urs), ارس (aris), آرس (āris), اورس (avirs)
        • Middle Persian: *abursām
          • Aramaic: *ʾabursān
            • Classical Syriac: ܐܒܝܪܣܢ (ʾbyrsn /⁠ʾabirsān⁠/)
            • Middle Persian: *abursān, *abirsān, *abarsān
              • Persian: برسان (bersân, barsân)
    • Akkadian: 𒇷 (burāšu)
    • Aramaic: בְּרֹותֵא (see there for further descendants)
    • Hebrew: בְּרוֹשׁ (bərṓš)
    • Proto-Mongolic: *arca
      • Middle Mongol: ᠠᠷᠴᠢ (arči), ᠠᠷᠵᠠ (arǰa)
        • Classical Mongolian: ᠠᠷᠴᠠ (arča), ᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ (arčag)
          • Khalkha Mongolian: арц (arc), арцаг (arcag)
      • Buryat: арса (arsa)
      • Kalmyk: арц (arts), арца (artsa)
      • East Yugur: hrca
      • Proto-Turkic: *artuč (see there for further descendants)
        • Karakhanid: اَرْتُجْ (artuç)
        • Old Anatolian Turkish:
          • Azerbaijani: ardıc
          • Ottoman Turkish: آردج (ardıç) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Turkic: *arča
    • ? Classical Syriac: ܐܒܪܝܫܐ (ʾaḇrēšā, heather)
    • Hebrew: בָּשָׂם (bāśām)
    • Aramaic:
      • Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אֲפַרְסְמָא (ʾappūrsəmā)
      • Classical Mandaic: [script needed] (pursma), [script needed] (prusma), [script needed] (pursama)
      • Classical Syriac: ܐܦܘܪܣܡܐ (ʾappūrsəmā), ܦܘܪܣܡܐ (pūrsəmā)
    • Old Armenian: ապրսամ (aprsam)
    • Chinese: [script needed] (abosan)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Middle Persian: *abuhl
      • Persian: وهل (vohl), ابل (abul), بل (bul)
      • Arabic: أَبْهُل (ʔabhul) (see there for further descendants)
      • Classical Syriac: ܐܒܗܠܐ (/⁠ʾabhulā⁠/)

References

  • Ciancaglini, Claudia A. (2008) “ܐܰܒܪܺܝܫܳܐ”, in Iranian loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 28), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag
  • Ciancaglini, Claudia A. (2008) “ܐܰܦܽܘܪܣܡܳܐ”, in Iranian loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 28), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag
  • Janda, Michael (2004) Die Sprache Der Meder (dissertation) (in German), University of Zurich, page 88
  • Henning, Walter Bruno (1940) “Sogdica”, in Selected Papers (Acta Iranica; 15), volume 2, Teheran-Liège / Leiden: Bibliothèque Pahlavi / E. J. Brill, published 1977, →ISBN, page 41
  • Hinz, Walther (1975) “*haprθa-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 117
  • Lagarde, Paul de (1866) Gesammelte Abhandlungen (in German), Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, page 6 Nr. 3
  • Maggi, Mauro (2003) “New Persian Glosses in East Syriac Texts of the Eighth to Tenth Centuries”, in Paul, Ludwig, editor, Persian Origins. Early Judaeo-Persian and the Emergence of New Persian. Collected Papers of the Symposium, Göttingen 1999, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 121
  • Morgenstierne, Georg (1932) “The Development of Iranian r + consonant in the Shughni group”, in W.B. Henning Memorial Volume, London: Lund Humphries, published 1970, page 336
  • Schwartz, Martin (1990) “Viiāmburas and Kafirs”, in Bulletin of the Asia Institute, volume 4, pages 251b–252a
  • Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) “ардыч”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, pages 173–174
  • Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) “арча”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, pages 182–182
  • Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) “арчын”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, page 183
  • Сундуева, Е.В. (2011) Звуки и образы: фоносемантическое исследование лексем с корневыми согласными [r/m] в монгольских языках: функции, семантика и поэтика (in Russian), Улан-Удэ: Издательство бурятского научного центра СО РАН, →ISBN, page 111
  • Tavernier, Jan (2007) “*Hapṛθa- (OP)”, in Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 555
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