< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian
Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/hampr̥sā
Proto-Iranian
Etymology
Possibly related to Proto-Northeast Caucasian *ɢHabrišwV (“gooseberry”). And cognate to Aramaic אַרְזָא / ܐܪܙܐ (ʾarzā, “cedar”), Ugaritic 𐎀𐎗𐎇 (ảrz, “cedar”) – compare Ancient Greek κέδρος (kédros, “cedar; juniper”) –, necessarily a local substrate as absent in the other Semitic languages but as a borrowing from Aramaic.
Perhaps ultimately related via ideas of tree-resin and balsam to a Caucasian term for “black”, Proto-Nakh *ʡārč̣in (particularly similar to the Proto-Turkic reconstruction *arčïn (“juniper”)) and Old Armenian արջն (arǰn) – even if the colour name may be from a tree name.
Descendants
- Central Iranian:
- Younger Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬯𐬍 f (hapərəsī)
- Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: اوبخته (ōbax̌ta, obəx̌ta)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
- Yidgha: [script needed] (yovurso)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
- Proto-Shughni-Roshani:
- Sarikoli: ůmbarc, ůmbars
- Shughni: амбух̌ц (ambux̌c), (Oroshori) əмба̄в̌с (əmbāws), (Khufi) амба̄в̌с (ambāws)
- Yazghulami: әнбис (ənbis), ǝмбис (ǝmbis)
- Proto-Shughni-Roshani:
- Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: اَپُرس (apors)
- Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: ھەڤرِس (hevris), ھەڤریس (hevrîs), ھێڤرِست (hêvrist), ئێرڤِست (êrvist), ئەڤرِست (evrist), ئێڤِست m or f (êvist)
- Central Kurdish: ھەورِس (hewris)
- Medo-Parthian:
- Mazanderani: ارس (ors)
- Old Median: *hapr̥sah
- → Akkadian: 𒀊𒊒𒊭 (ap-ru-ša)
- → Elamite: 𒄩𒂟𒊓 (ha-pír-sa)
- Parthian: [script needed] (ʾbwrs /aburs/)
- ⇒ Parthian: [script needed] (ʾbwrsʾm /abursām/), [script needed] (ʾbwrsm /abursam/)
- → Middle Persian: [script needed] (ʾbwrs /aburs/)
- → Akkadian: 𒇷 (burāšu)
- → Aramaic: בְּרֹותֵא (see there for further descendants)
- → Hebrew: בְּרוֹשׁ (bərṓš)
- → Proto-Mongolic: *arca
- →? Classical Syriac: ܐܒܪܝܫܐ (ʾaḇrēšā, “heather”)
- → Hebrew: בָּשָׂם (bāśām)
- → Aramaic:
- Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אֲפַרְסְמָא (ʾappūrsəmā)
- Classical Mandaic: [script needed] (pursma), [script needed] (prusma), [script needed] (pursama)
- Classical Syriac: ܐܦܘܪܣܡܐ (ʾappūrsəmā), ܦܘܪܣܡܐ (pūrsəmā)
- → Old Armenian: ապրսամ (aprsam)
- → Chinese: [script needed] (abosan)
- Southwestern Iranian:
References
- Ciancaglini, Claudia A. (2008) “ܐܰܒܪܺܝܫܳܐ”, in Iranian loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 28), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag
- Ciancaglini, Claudia A. (2008) “ܐܰܦܽܘܪܣܡܳܐ”, in Iranian loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 28), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag
- Janda, Michael (2004) Die Sprache Der Meder (dissertation) (in German), University of Zurich, page 88
- Henning, Walter Bruno (1940) “Sogdica”, in Selected Papers (Acta Iranica; 15), volume 2, Teheran-Liège / Leiden: Bibliothèque Pahlavi / E. J. Brill, published 1977, →ISBN, page 41
- Hinz, Walther (1975) “*haprθa-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 117
- Lagarde, Paul de (1866) Gesammelte Abhandlungen (in German), Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, page 6 Nr. 3
- Maggi, Mauro (2003) “New Persian Glosses in East Syriac Texts of the Eighth to Tenth Centuries”, in Paul, Ludwig, editor, Persian Origins. Early Judaeo-Persian and the Emergence of New Persian. Collected Papers of the Symposium, Göttingen 1999, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 121
- Morgenstierne, Georg (1932) “The Development of Iranian r + consonant in the Shughni group”, in W.B. Henning Memorial Volume, London: Lund Humphries, published 1970, page 336
- Schwartz, Martin (1990) “Viiāmburas and Kafirs”, in Bulletin of the Asia Institute, volume 4, pages 251b–252a
- Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) “ардыч”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, pages 173–174
- Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) “арча”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, pages 182–182
- Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) “арчын”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, page 183
- Сундуева, Е.В. (2011) Звуки и образы: фоносемантическое исследование лексем с корневыми согласными [r/m] в монгольских языках: функции, семантика и поэтика (in Russian), Улан-Удэ: Издательство бурятского научного центра СО РАН, →ISBN, page 111
- Tavernier, Jan (2007) “*Hapṛθa- (OP)”, in Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 555
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