< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tend-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology 1

Probably from the synonymous *ten-, but with an uncertain suffix *-d(H)-. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Root

*tend- (perfective)[1][2][3][4][5]

  1. to stretch, to extend
Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tend- (stretch)‎ (6 c, 0 e)
  • *ténd-e-ti (thematic root present)[1][2][3]
    • Proto-Albanian: *tend-
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tándati
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tándati
        • Sanskrit: तन्दते (tándate, “become relaxed”)
      • Proto-Iranian: *tándati (“to languish, faint”)[5]
        • Parthian: tnd (tand, “faint, languishing”)
    • Proto-Italic: *tendō
  • *tn̥d-tó-s[3]
    • Proto-Italic: *tensos
  • *ténd-u-s ~ *tn̥d-éw-s:

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 627-628
  2. Demiraj, B. (1997) “tend”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎ (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 129
  3. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “tendō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 612
  4. Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1065f
  5. Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 378
  6. Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 458

Etymology 2

Possibly an extension of *temh₁- (“to cut”).

Root

*tend-[1][2][3][4]

  1. to split, cut off
Derived terms
Category Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tend- (cut) not found
  • *ténd-e-ti (thematic root present)[4]
    • Proto-Celtic: *tendeti (“to break, cut”)[3]
    • Proto-Hellenic:[1]
      • Ancient Greek: τένδω (téndō, “to gnaw at”)
  • *tond-éye-ti (causative)[4]
    • Proto-Italic: *tondeō[2]
      • Latin: tondeō (“to cut, shear”)
  • *tn̥-né-d-ti ~ *tn̥-n-d-énti (nasal-infix present)[4]
    • Proto-Celtic:
      • Old Irish: -tenn
  • *te-tónd-e ~ *te-tn̥d-ḗr (perfect)[4]
    • Proto-Celtic:
      • Old Irish: tethainn
    • Proto-Italic:
  • *tónd-eh₂
    • Proto-Celtic: *tondā (“skin, surface”)[5]
      • Proto-Brythonic:
        • Old Breton: tonnenn
          • Middle Breton: tonnenn
            • Breton: tonnenn
        • Old Welsh:
      • Old Irish: tonn

References
  1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “τένδω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1466
  2. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “tondeō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 622
  3. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*tend-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 378
  4. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2.*tend-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 628
  5. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*tondā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 383
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