< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃ósdos

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Possibly connected in some way to Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hádᶻgas (“knot (in a plant), branch, twig”) (e.g. Sanskrit अद्ग (ádga-, “knot (in wood), sprout (of bamboo), cane”), Middle Persian ʾzg (“twig”)) and Proto-Celtic *odbos ~ *osbos (“knot”) (Old Irish odb, Middle Welsh oddf), which seem to reflect Proto-Indo-European *Hód(s)gʷos (“knot, shoot”). In that case, both *Hód(s)gʷos and *h₃ósdos (note also their complementary distribution) might be different simplifications of the same original compound word, the first element of which may tentatively be identified with *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”).[1] However, compare also Ancient Greek ὄσχος (óskhos), ὠσχός (ōskhós, “young branch”), which perhaps show substrate alternations.

Noun

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*h₃ósdos m[2]

  1. branch
  2. twig

Inflection
Thematic
singular
nominative *h₃ósdos
genitive *h₃ósdosyo
singular dual plural
nominative *h₃ósdos *h₃ósdoh₁ *h₃ósdoes
vocative *h₃ósde *h₃ósdoh₁ *h₃ósdoes
accusative *h₃ósdom *h₃ósdoh₁ *h₃ósdoms
genitive *h₃ósdosyo *? *h₃ósdoHom
ablative *h₃ósdead *? *h₃ósdomos
dative *h₃ósdoey *? *h₃ósdomos
locative *h₃ósdey, *h₃ósdoy *? *h₃ósdoysu
instrumental *h₃ósdoh₁ *? *h₃ósdōys

Descendants
  • ⇒? Proto-Anatolian: *Hasdwer (+ *-wer)
    • Hittite: 𒄩𒀸𒁺𒂊𒅕 (ḫa-aš-du-e-er, “twig(s), brushwood; splinter (of bone?)”)[note 1]
  • Proto-Armenian:
  • Proto-Germanic: *astaz (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *ózdos
Notes
  1. Kloekhorst separates the Hittite from *h₃ósdos, in favor of a compound *h₃ésth₁-gʷer- (“knot, shoot”, literally “bony bulge”), but proposes that the latter is the original form of the former.

References
  1. Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “(GIŠ)ḫašduer-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 326–327, citing Lubotsky
  2. Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 71
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