< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/Hádᶻgas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Disputed[1]; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *Hód(s)gʷ-o-s or *h₃éd(s)gʷ-o-s, cognate with Old Irish odb (“knot in a tree; branch”) and less convincingly[2] with Lithuanian uodegà (“tail”).[3] Further suggested to be connected to Proto-Indo-European *h₃ósdos (“branch”) through metathesis, perhaps ultimately deriving from *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”).[4]

Noun

*Hádᶻgas m[2]

  1. knot (in a tree, branch, etc.)
  2. branch, twig

Declension
masculine a-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *Hádᶻgas *Hádᶻgā *Hádᶻgā, -ās(as)
vocative *Hádᶻga *Hádᶻgā *Hádᶻgā, -ās(as)
accusative *Hádᶻgam *Hádᶻgā *Hádᶻgāns
instrumental *Hádᶻgā *HádᶻgaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām *Hádᶻgāyš
ablative *Hádᶻgāt *HádᶻgaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām *Hádᶻgaybʰyas
dative *Hádᶻgāy *HádᶻgaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām *Hádᶻgaybʰyas
genitive *Hádᶻgasya *Hádᶻgayās *Hádᶻgāna(H)m
locative *Hádᶻgay *Hádᶻgayaw *Hádᶻgayšu

Descendants
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hádgas
  • Proto-Iranian: *Házgas
    • Middle Persian: [script needed] (ʾzg /⁠azg⁠/, “branch”)
      • Persian: آزغ (âzğ, “a thing lopped (as vine-prunings); slip, cutting, scion”), ازخ (âzax, “twig, vine”)
    • → Old Armenian: ազգ (azg) (see there for further descendants)

Further reading
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) “ádga-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 63
  • Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “?-Hosgu̯-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 207-208

References
  1. Fournet, Arnaud (2011) “A Critical Dictionary of Proto-Indo-European with Hurrian Comparative Indications. Part II: *H₃”, in The Macro-Comparative Journal‎, volume 2, number 1
  2. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “ádga-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  3. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “ō̆d(e)go- oder ō̆d(e)gu̯o-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 773
  4. Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “(GIŠ)ḫašduer-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 326-327
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