< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷem-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Perhaps some variation or gradation of *gʷeh₂- seen also on *mendʰ- - *meh₂dʰ-, *med- - *meh₁-/*meh₁d-.

Root

*gʷem- (perfective)

  1. to step[1]

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷem-‎ (35 c, 0 e)
  • *gʷém-t ~ *gʷm-ént (root aorist)
  • *gʷm̥-sḱé-ti (sḱe-present)[1]
  • *gʷm̥-yé-ti (ye-present)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *gʷəňňō (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *gʷenjō (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʷḿ̥s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gás
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gás
        • Sanskrit: ग (ga)
  • *gʷém-e-ti
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰámati (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʷe-gʷóm-e ~ *gʷe-gʷm-ḗr (stative)
  • *gʷém-ti-s ~ *gʷm̥-téy-s
  • *gʷém-tu-s ~ *gʷm̥-téw-s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gántuš
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gántuṣ
        • Sanskrit: गन्तु (gántu)
    • Proto-Italic: *gʷentus
  • *gʷm̥-tó-s
  • *gʷm̥-dʰ-mo-
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Proto-Albanian: *gat
    • Armenian:
      • Old Armenian: եկ (ek)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Old Prussian: gemton (“to give birth (to)”)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Lithuanian: gỹmis (“birth; nature; face”)[2]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Lithuanian: giminė̃ (“family, kin; genus; gender; (dial.) relative”)[3]
      • Sudovian: gimna (“family; uncles, their wives”)
    • Proto-Tocharian: *kʷäm-

References
  1. Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
  2. Derksen, Rick (2015) “gymis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 176–177
  3. Derksen, Rick (2015) “giminė”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 176
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