< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰmṓ

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *dʰéǵʰōm (earth) +‎ *-ō.

The initial *dʰ is regularly dropped in such a cluster (compare e.g. *ḱm̥tóm (“hundred”) < */dḱmtóm/, a derivative of *déḱm̥ (“ten”)).

Noun

*ǵʰmṓ m (Lindeman variant: ǵʰm̥mṓ m)

  1. earthling

Declension
Athematic, amphikinetic
singular
nominative *ǵʰémō
genitive *ǵʰm̥nés
singular dual plural
nominative *ǵʰémō *ǵʰémonh₁(e) *ǵʰémones
vocative *ǵʰémon *ǵʰémonh₁(e) *ǵʰémones
accusative *ǵʰémonm̥ *ǵʰémonh₁(e) *ǵʰémonm̥s
genitive *ǵʰm̥nés *? *ǵʰm̥nóHom
ablative *ǵʰm̥nés *? *ǵʰmnmós
dative *ǵʰm̥néy *? *ǵʰmnmós
locative *ǵʰmén, *ǵʰméni *? *ǵʰmnsú
instrumental *ǵʰm̥néh₁ *? *ǵʰmnmís

Alternative reconstructions
  • dʰǵʰ-m-ṓn ~ dʰǵʰ-m̥-n-ós [1][2]
  • dʰǵʰ-ém-ōn ~ dʰǵʰ-m̥-n-ós [3][4]
  • dʰǵʰm̥mṓn [5]

Descendants
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źmṓ[6][7]
    • Old Lithuanian: žmuõ, žmuõj
    • Old Prussian: smoy, smonenawins, smūnets
  • Proto-Germanic: *gumô (< *ǵʰm̥mṓ)[1][8] (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *hemō (< *ǵʰm̥mṓ)[2] (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 195
  2. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “homō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 287-288
  3. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 66
  4. Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, first edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 64
  5. Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 41
  6. Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 521–522
  7. Mažiulis, Vytautas (1988–1997) “smoy”, in Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas [Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian]‎ (in Lithuanian), Vilnius
  8. Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 280
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