< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)rā́ps

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Uncertain; possibly a Wanderwort,[1] borrowed from a substrate language[2] perhaps compare Old Chinese 蘆菔 (*rābūɡ, “turnip”), Proto-Semitic *lapt- (“turnip”),[3] Sumerian 𒇻𒂠𒊬 (LU-UB₂ŠAR /⁠lub⁠/, “turnip”). Alternatively from *srebʰ- (“to sip, slurp”).[4]

Noun

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*(s)rā́ps, *(s)rḗps[1] f

  1. turnip, rape, cabbage

Declension
Athematic, amphikinetic
singular
nominative *(s)rā́ps, *(s)rḗps
genitive *(s)rabʰés
singular dual plural
nominative *(s)rā́ps, *(s)rḗps *(s)rā́bʰh₁(e) *(s)rā́bʰes
vocative *(s)rā́bʰ *(s)rā́bʰh₁(e) *(s)rā́bʰes
accusative *(s)rā́bʰm̥ *(s)rā́bʰh₁(e) *(s)rā́bʰm̥s
genitive *(s)rabʰés *? *(s)rabʰóHom
ablative *(s)rabʰés *? *(s)rabʰmós
dative *(s)rabʰéy *? *(s)rabʰmós
locative *(s)rā́bʰ, *(s)rā́bʰi *? *(s)rabʰsú
instrumental *(s)rabʰéh₁ *? *(s)rabʰmís

Derived terms
  • *(s)rāp-éh₂, *(s)rēp-éh₂[5]
    • Albanian:
      • Albanian: (“turnip, radish, rape”) (or borrowed from Latin or Slavic[1][6])
        Arbëresh Albanian: rrápë f
        Gheg Albanian, Tosk Albanian: rrépë, (dialectal) repë f, rep, repi m
        Tosk Albanian: rrap m (dialectal)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *rāpā́ˀ, *rēpā́ˀ
      • Lithuanian: rópė (“turnip”)
      • Proto-Slavic: *rěpa (“turnip, rape”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *rēbǭ, *rēbijǭ
      • Proto-West Germanic: *rābā, *rābjā
    • Proto-Italic: *rāpā
      • Latin: rāpa f (“turnip”)
  • *(s)rāp-ó-m[7]
    • Proto-Italic: *rāpom[7]
      • Latin: rāpum n (“turnip”)
  • *(s)rāp-yéh₂
    • Proto-Germanic: *rōbijǭ
      • Proto-West Germanic: *rōbijā (“beet, turnip”), *rōbā (see there for further descendants)
  • *(s)rábʰ-eh₂
    • Proto-Hellenic: *rhápʰā
      • Ancient Greek: ῥάφη (rháphē, “turnip”)
        • ⇒ Ancient Greek: ῥάφανος (rháphanos, “cabbage, radish”), ῥαφάνη (rhaphánē), ῥέφανος (rhéphanos)
    • >? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(s)rábʰaH (“rhubarb”)
      • ⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(s)rabʰā́ćš ~ *(s)rabʰaćás
        • Proto-Iranian: *(h)rabā́š ~ *(h)rabacáh (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(s)rábʰnaH
        • Proto-Iranian: *(h)rábnaH
          • Yagnobi: рена (réna), ренна (rénna)
  • *(s)rábʰ-u-s
  • *(s)r̥bʰ-iHnó-s
    • Proto-Celtic: *arbīnos (“turnip, rape”)[1][8]

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “rāp-, rēp-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 852
  2. Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 310
  3. Laufer, Berthold (1916) “The Si-hia Language, a Study in Indo-Chinese Philology”, in T'oung Pao‎, volume 17, number 1, →DOI, pages 84–86
  4. Morgenstierne, Georg (1973) “Chapter 22: A Vedic word in some modern Hindu Kush languages?”, in Irano-Dardica (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 5), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN
  5. Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) “*rēpéhₐ-”, in The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 507
  6. Demiraj, B. (1997) “rrép/ë,-a”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎ (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, pages 350-351
  7. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “rāpum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 514
  8. Koch, John (2004) “*arbīno-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 273
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