ῥάπυς

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ῥᾰ́φῠς (rháphus)

Etymology

A number of similar words for turnip exist in European languages, but inconsistencies lend to the idea of multiple borrowings, rather than a Proto-Indo-European origin. Compare Latin rapus, Old High German ruoba, Lithuanian rópė. Also see ῥάφανος (rháphanos, “cabbage”). Compare, however, Albanian rrapë, which supposedly comes from Proto-Indo-European *(s)rā́ps (“radish, rape”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /r̥á.pys/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈra.pys/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈra.pys/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈra.pys/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈra.pis/

Noun

ῥᾰ́πῠς • (rhápus) f (genitive ῥᾰ́πῠος); third declension

turnip

Inflection

Third declension of ἡ ῥᾰ́πῠς; τῆς ῥᾰ́πῠος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ῥᾰ́πῠς hē rhápus	τὼ ῥᾰ́πῠε tṑ rhápue	αἱ ῥᾰ́πῠες hai rhápues
Genitive	τῆς ῥᾰ́πῠος tês rhápuos	τοῖν ῥᾰπῠ́οιν toîn rhapúoin	τῶν ῥᾰπῠ́ων tôn rhapúōn
Dative	τῇ ῥᾰ́πῠῐ̈ / ῥᾰ́πυι têi rhápuï / rhápui	τοῖν ῥᾰπῠ́οιν toîn rhapúoin	ταῖς ῥᾰ́πῠσῐ / ῥᾰ́πῠσῐν taîs rhápusi(n)
Accusative	τὴν ῥᾰ́πῠν tḕn rhápun	τὼ ῥᾰ́πῠε tṑ rhápue	τᾱ̀ς ῥᾰ́πῡς / ῥᾰ́πῠᾰς tā̀s rhápūs / rhápuas
Vocative	ῥᾰ́πῠ rhápu	ῥᾰ́πῠε rhápue	ῥᾰ́πῠες rhápues
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Synonyms

βουνιάς (bouniás)

References

“ῥάπυς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
ῥάπυς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette

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