< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/waldaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Kroonen supposes a back-formation from the preterite *wulþǭ (compare Old Norse past olla), which continues an extended aorist root, Pre-Proto-Germanic *h₂wl̥h₁-t-,[1] from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to rule, be strong”).
LIV² posits a *-dʰ-present *wélH-dʰe-ti to the root (there reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to be strong, hold sway”)), from which a Pre-Proto-Germanic iterative *we-wólH-dʰe-ti was derived, in which case it is close cognate to Lithuanian veldėti (“to inherit, possess, govern”) and Old Church Slavonic власти (vlasti, “to rule”).[2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈwɑl.dɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *waldaną (strong class 7c)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *waldō | *waldaų | — | *waldai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *waldizi | *waldaiz | *wald | *waldazai | *waldaizau |
| 3rd singular | *waldidi | *waldai | *waldadau | *waldadai | *waldaidau |
| 1st dual | *waldōz | *waldaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *waldadiz | *waldaidiz | *waldadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *waldamaz | *waldaim | — | *waldandai | *waldaindau |
| 2nd plural | *waldid | *waldaid | *waldid | *waldandai | *waldaindau |
| 3rd plural | *waldandi | *waldain | *waldandau | *waldandai | *waldaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *wewald | *wewaldį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *wewalst | *wewaldīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *wewald | *wewaldī | |||
| 1st dual | *wewaldū | *wewaldīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *wewaldudiz | *wewaldīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *wewaldum | *wewaldīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *wewaldud | *wewaldīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *wewaldun | *wewaldīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *waldandz | *waldanaz | |||
The original preterite seems to have been weakly inflected like a preterite-present verb, as seen in Old Norse.
Conjugation of — (irregular, defective)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2nd singular | — | — | — | — | — |
| 3rd singular | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1st dual | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1st plural | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2nd plural | — | — | — | — | — |
| 3rd plural | — | — | — | — | — |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *wulþǭ | *wulþēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *wulþēz | *wulþēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *wulþē | *wulþēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *wulþēdū | *wulþēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *wulþēdudiz | *wulþēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *wulþēdum | *wulþēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *wulþēdud | *wulþēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *wulþēdun | *wulþēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | — | *wulþaz | |||
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *u̯elH-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 676-77
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