< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swerbaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *swerbʰ- (“to turn; wipe; sweep”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈswer.βɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *swerbaną (strong class 3)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *swerbō | *swerbaų | — | *swerbai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *swirbizi | *swerbaiz | *swerb | *swerbazai | *swerbaizau |
| 3rd singular | *swirbidi | *swerbai | *swerbadau | *swerbadai | *swerbaidau |
| 1st dual | *swerbōz | *swerbaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *swerbadiz | *swerbaidiz | *swerbadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *swerbamaz | *swerbaim | — | *swerbandai | *swerbaindau |
| 2nd plural | *swirbid | *swerbaid | *swirbid | *swerbandai | *swerbaindau |
| 3rd plural | *swerbandi | *swerbain | *swerbandau | *swerbandai | *swerbaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *swarb | *swurbį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *swarft | *swurbīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *swarb | *swurbī | |||
| 1st dual | *swurbū | *swurbīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *swurbudiz | *swurbīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *swurbum | *swurbīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *swurbud | *swurbīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *swurbun | *swurbīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *swerbandz | *swurbanaz | |||
Descendants
- Old English: sweorfan
- Old Frisian: swerva
- West Frisian: swerve
- Old Saxon: swerban, swervan
- Old Dutch: *swervan
- Old High German: swerban
- Middle High German: swerben
- ⇒ Middle High German: swirbelen, swirbeln
- German: schwirbeln
- ⇒ Middle High German: swirbelen, swirbeln
- Middle High German: swerben
- Old Norse: sverfa
- Icelandic: sverfa
- Norwegian Nynorsk: sverva
- Swedish: svärva (dialectal)
- Gothic: *𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 (*swairban) (in combinations: 𐌰𐍆𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 (afswairban), 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 (biswairban))
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