< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sturmijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *sturmaz (“storm”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /ˈstur.mi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*sturmijaną[1][2]

  1. to storm

Inflection
Conjugation of *sturmijaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *sturmijō*sturmijaų—*sturmijai ?
2nd singular *sturmīsi*sturmijais*sturmī*sturmijasai*sturmijaisau
3rd singular *sturmīþi*sturmijai*sturmijaþau*sturmijaþai*sturmijaiþau
1st dual *sturmijōs*sturmijaiw———
2nd dual *sturmijaþiz*sturmijaiþiz*sturmijaþiz——
1st plural *sturmijamaz*sturmijaim—*sturmijanþai*sturmijainþau
2nd plural *sturmīþ*sturmijaiþ*sturmīþ*sturmijanþai*sturmijainþau
3rd plural *sturmijanþi*sturmijain*sturmijanþau*sturmijanþai*sturmijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *sturmidǭ*sturmidēdį̄
2nd singular *sturmidēz*sturmidēdīz
3rd singular *sturmidē*sturmidēdī
1st dual *sturmidēdū*sturmidēdīw
2nd dual *sturmidēdudiz*sturmidēdīdiz
1st plural *sturmidēdum*sturmidēdīm
2nd plural *sturmidēdud*sturmidēdīd
3rd plural *sturmidēdun*sturmidēdīn
present past
participles *sturmijandz*sturmidaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *sturmijan
    • Old English: styrman
    • Old High German: sturmen
  • Old Norse: styrma
    • Icelandic: styrma

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*sturma-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 488: “*sturmjan-”
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*sturmjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 384
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