< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skarpaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
An o-grade adjective derived from *skerpaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerb-,[1] from *(s)ker- (“to cut”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈskɑr.pɑz/
Inflection
Declension of *skarpaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *skarpaz | *skarpai | *skarpō | *skarpôz | *skarpą, -atō | *skarpō |
| Accusative | *skarpanǭ | *skarpanz | *skarpǭ | *skarpōz | *skarpą, -atō | *skarpō |
| Genitive | *skarpas, -is | *skarpaizǫ̂ | *skarpaizōz | *skarpaizǫ̂ | *skarpas, -is | *skarpaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *skarpammai | *skarpaimaz | *skarpaizōi | *skarpaimaz | *skarpammai | *skarpaimaz |
| Instrumental | *skarpanō | *skarpaimiz | *skarpaizō | *skarpaimiz | *skarpanō | *skarpaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *skarpô | *skarpaniz | *skarpǭ | *skarpōniz | *skarpô | *skarpōnō |
| Accusative | *skarpanų | *skarpanunz | *skarpōnų | *skarpōnunz | *skarpô | *skarpōnō |
| Genitive | *skarpiniz | *skarpanǫ̂ | *skarpōniz | *skarpōnǫ̂ | *skarpiniz | *skarpanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *skarpini | *skarpammaz | *skarpōni | *skarpōmaz | *skarpini | *skarpammaz |
| Instrumental | *skarpinē | *skarpammiz | *skarpōnē | *skarpōmiz | *skarpinē | *skarpammiz |
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *skarp
- Old Norse: skarpr
- Gothic: *𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐍀𐍃 (*skarps)
- ⇒ Gothic: *𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐍀𐌰 (*skarpa)
- →? Italian: scarpa (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Gothic: *𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐍀𐌰 (*skarpa)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*skarpa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 440-1
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