< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwelbaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Alternative reconstructions
- *hwelfaną[1]
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *kʷelp- (“to bend”), with -b- instead of -f- due to influence from either the adjective or causative.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxʷel.βɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *hwelbaną (strong class 3)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *hwelbō | *hwelbaų | — | *hwelbai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *hwilbizi | *hwelbaiz | *hwelb | *hwelbazai | *hwelbaizau |
| 3rd singular | *hwilbidi | *hwelbai | *hwelbadau | *hwelbadai | *hwelbaidau |
| 1st dual | *hwelbōz | *hwelbaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *hwelbadiz | *hwelbaidiz | *hwelbadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *hwelbamaz | *hwelbaim | — | *hwelbandai | *hwelbaindau |
| 2nd plural | *hwilbid | *hwelbaid | *hwilbid | *hwelbandai | *hwelbaindau |
| 3rd plural | *hwelbandi | *hwelbain | *hwelbandau | *hwelbandai | *hwelbaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *hwalb | *hulbį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *hwalft | *hulbīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *hwalb | *hulbī | |||
| 1st dual | *hulbū | *hulbīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *hulbudiz | *hulbīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *hulbum | *hulbīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *hulbud | *hulbīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *hulbun | *hulbīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *hwelbandz | *hulbanaz | |||
Derived terms
- *hwalbaz
- *hwalbijaną
- *hwalbô
- *hwalfą
Descendants
Due to the effects of umlaut, present-tense descendants of this verb are often indistinguishable from those of the weak causative *hwalbijaną. This is probably what led to the strong verb's disappearance as well.
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hwelfan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 265
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xwelbanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 200
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