< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hradjaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *kret- (“to shake, jostle”). Equivalent to *hradaz (“fast”) + *-janą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxrɑð.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *hradjaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *hradjō | *hradjaų | — | *hradjai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *hradisi | *hradjais | *hradi | *hradjasai | *hradjaisau |
| 3rd singular | *hradiþi | *hradjai | *hradjaþau | *hradjaþai | *hradjaiþau |
| 1st dual | *hradjōs | *hradjaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *hradjaþiz | *hradjaiþiz | *hradjaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *hradjamaz | *hradjaim | — | *hradjanþai | *hradjainþau |
| 2nd plural | *hradiþ | *hradjaiþ | *hradiþ | *hradjanþai | *hradjainþau |
| 3rd plural | *hradjanþi | *hradjain | *hradjanþau | *hradjanþai | *hradjainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *hradidǭ | *hradidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *hradidēz | *hradidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *hradidē | *hradidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *hradidēdū | *hradidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *hradidēdudiz | *hradidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *hradidēdum | *hradidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *hradidēdud | *hradidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *hradidēdun | *hradidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *hradjandz | *hradidaz | |||
Descendants
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hraþa- ~ *hrada-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 243: “*hradjan-”
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xrađjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 183
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