< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hōlijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *hōlą (“vain speech, flattery, slander”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈxɔː.li.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hōlijaną[1][2]

  1. to speak vainly (of)
  2. to calumniate, slander

Inflection
Conjugation of *hōlijaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hōlijō*hōlijaų—*hōlijai ?
2nd singular *hōlīsi*hōlijais*hōlī*hōlijasai*hōlijaisau
3rd singular *hōlīþi*hōlijai*hōlijaþau*hōlijaþai*hōlijaiþau
1st dual *hōlijōs*hōlijaiw———
2nd dual *hōlijaþiz*hōlijaiþiz*hōlijaþiz——
1st plural *hōlijamaz*hōlijaim—*hōlijanþai*hōlijainþau
2nd plural *hōlīþ*hōlijaiþ*hōlīþ*hōlijanþai*hōlijainþau
3rd plural *hōlijanþi*hōlijain*hōlijanþau*hōlijanþai*hōlijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hōlidǭ*hōlidēdį̄
2nd singular *hōlidēz*hōlidēdīz
3rd singular *hōlidē*hōlidēdī
1st dual *hōlidēdū*hōlidēdīw
2nd dual *hōlidēdudiz*hōlidēdīdiz
1st plural *hōlidēdum*hōlidēdīm
2nd plural *hōlidēdud*hōlidēdīd
3rd plural *hōlidēdun*hōlidēdīn
present past
participles *hōlijandz*hōlidaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *hōlijan
    • Old English: hēlan
    • Old High German: huolen
  • Old Norse: hœla
    • Icelandic: hæla
    • Norwegian: høla (dialectal)

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hōla-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 239: “*hōljan-”
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xōljanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 182
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