< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/greutaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰrewd-, *gʰer- (“to rub, grind, remove”). Cognate with Lithuanian grūsti (“to crush, tamp”), Russian гру́да (grúda, “pile, heap”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɣreu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*greutaną[1][2]

  1. to grind, crush

Inflection
Conjugation of *greutaną (strong class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *greutō*greutaų—*greutai ?
2nd singular *griutizi*greutaiz*greut*greutazai*greutaizau
3rd singular *griutidi*greutai*greutadau*greutadai*greutaidau
1st dual *greutōz*greutaiw———
2nd dual *greutadiz*greutaidiz*greutadiz——
1st plural *greutamaz*greutaim—*greutandai*greutaindau
2nd plural *griutid*greutaid*griutid*greutandai*greutaindau
3rd plural *greutandi*greutain*greutandau*greutandai*greutaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *graut*grutį̄
2nd singular *graust*grutīz
3rd singular *graut*grutī
1st dual *grutū*grutīw
2nd dual *grutudiz*grutīdiz
1st plural *grutum*grutīm
2nd plural *grutud*grutīd
3rd plural *grutun*grutīn
present past
participles *greutandz*grutanaz

Derived terms
  • *gruttōną

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *greutan
    • Old High German: *griozan
      • Middle High German: griezen

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*greutan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 189
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ʒreutanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 142
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