< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grīsaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Watkins suggests Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to grind, to rub”).[1] However, compare Sanskrit हर्षति (harṣati, “to become on edge, nervous”), which is from *ǵʰers- (“surprised, stiff”).[2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣriː.sɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *grīsaną (strong class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *grīsō | *grīsaų | — | *grīsai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *grīsizi | *grīsaiz | *grīs | *grīsazai | *grīsaizau |
| 3rd singular | *grīsidi | *grīsai | *grīsadau | *grīsadai | *grīsaidau |
| 1st dual | *grīsōz | *grīsaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *grīsadiz | *grīsaidiz | *grīsadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *grīsamaz | *grīsaim | — | *grīsandai | *grīsaindau |
| 2nd plural | *grīsid | *grīsaid | *grīsid | *grīsandai | *grīsaindau |
| 3rd plural | *grīsandi | *grīsain | *grīsandau | *grīsandai | *grīsaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *grais | *grizį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *graist | *grizīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *grais | *grizī | |||
| 1st dual | *grizū | *grizīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *grizudiz | *grizīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *grizum | *grizīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *grizud | *grizīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *grizun | *grizīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *grīsandz | *grizanaz | |||
Descendants
References
- “grisly”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
- A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and philologically arranged with special reference to Greek, Latin, Gothic, German, Anglo-Saxon, and other cognate Indo-European Languages By Monier Williams, p. 1176
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*grīsanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 143
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