< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gnaganą
Proto-Germanic
Alternative forms
- *knaganą
Etymology
Probably onomatopoeic; or from Proto-Indo-European *gʰnēgʰ- (“to gnaw, scratch”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰen- (“to gnaw, grate, scrate, whit”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣnɑ.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *gnaganą (strong class 6)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *gnagō | *gnagaų | — | *gnagai | ? |
2nd singular | *gnagizi | *gnagaiz | *gnag | *gnagazai | *gnagaizau |
3rd singular | *gnagidi | *gnagai | *gnagadau | *gnagadai | *gnagaidau |
1st dual | *gnagōz | *gnagaiw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *gnagadiz | *gnagaidiz | *gnagadiz | — | — |
1st plural | *gnagamaz | *gnagaim | — | *gnagandai | *gnagaindau |
2nd plural | *gnagid | *gnagaid | *gnagid | *gnagandai | *gnagaindau |
3rd plural | *gnagandi | *gnagain | *gnagandau | *gnagandai | *gnagaindau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *gnōg | *gnōgį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *gnōht | *gnōgīz | |||
3rd singular | *gnōg | *gnōgī | |||
1st dual | *gnōgū | *gnōgīw | |||
2nd dual | *gnōgudiz | *gnōgīdiz | |||
1st plural | *gnōgum | *gnōgīm | |||
2nd plural | *gnōgud | *gnōgīd | |||
3rd plural | *gnōgun | *gnōgīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *gnagandz | *gnaganaz |
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *gnagan, *knagan
- Old Norse: gnaga, naga
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gnagan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 183
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ʒnaʒanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 137
- Seebold, Elmar (1970) “GNAG-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 233
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