< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gnīdaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gʰneydʰ- (“to rub”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣniː.ðɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *gnīdaną (strong class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *gnīdō | *gnīdaų | — | *gnīdai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *gnīdizi | *gnīdaiz | *gnīd | *gnīdazai | *gnīdaizau |
| 3rd singular | *gnīdidi | *gnīdai | *gnīdadau | *gnīdadai | *gnīdaidau |
| 1st dual | *gnīdōz | *gnīdaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *gnīdadiz | *gnīdaidiz | *gnīdadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *gnīdamaz | *gnīdaim | — | *gnīdandai | *gnīdaindau |
| 2nd plural | *gnīdid | *gnīdaid | *gnīdid | *gnīdandai | *gnīdaindau |
| 3rd plural | *gnīdandi | *gnīdain | *gnīdandau | *gnīdandai | *gnīdaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *gnaid | *gnidį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *gnaist | *gnidīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *gnaid | *gnidī | |||
| 1st dual | *gnidū | *gnidīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *gnidudiz | *gnidīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *gnidum | *gnidīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *gnidud | *gnidīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *gnidun | *gnidīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *gnīdandz | *gnidanaz | |||
Descendants
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gnīdan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 183
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*gnīdanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 138
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