< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/durz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Likely back-formed from *dʰur-ih₁, an old neuter dual form, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer-.[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /durz/

Noun

*durz f[1]

  1. door, hatch, flap

Inflection
consonant stemDeclension of *durz (consonant stem)
singular plural
nominative *durz *duriz
vocative *dur *duriz
accusative *durų *durunz
genitive *duriz *durǫ̂
dative *duri *durumaz
instrumental *durē *durumiz

Usage notes

This word was a plurale tantum in Old Norse, and it might have been used in that way in Proto-Germanic as well (compare the same development with cognate *dvьri in most Slavic languages); this is further evident by its form in compound words (e.g. compare Old English ēagduru, Old High German ougatora, ougtora, Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍉 (augadaurō)). In Old High German and Old Dutch it became a singular i-stem, which no doubt derives from the original plural. Old English and Old Saxon show a u-stem noun, which most likely derives from the singular because of the lack of umlaut.

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *dur
    • Old English: duru, doru
      • Middle English: dore, doire, dure, dur
        • English: door
        • Scots: dure, dur
        • Yola: dher
    • Old Frisian: dure, dore
    • Old Saxon: duru
      • Middle Low German: dȫr, dȫre
        • Low German:
          • German Low German:
            Hamburgisch: Dör
            Westphalian:
            Westmünsterländisch: Dööre, Döör
        • Plautdietsch: Däa
    • Old Dutch: duri
    • Old High German: turi
      • Middle High German: türe
  • Old Norse: dyrr pl
    • Icelandic: dyr pl
    • Faroese: dyr pl
    • Norn: dør
    • Norwegian:
      • Norwegian Bokmål: dør
      • Norwegian Nynorsk: dør
    • Jamtish: dẃr
    • Elfdalian: dörer
    • Old Swedish: dyr
    • Scanian: dør
    • Danish: dør
    • Gutnish: dur, duri

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*durī-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 110
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