< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic

Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/uɸostos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *upo-sth₂-ó-s (“standing beneath”), from *upó (“under”) +‎ *steh₂- (“to stand”) +‎ *-ós (“agent suffix”).[2][3] Matasović, however, is confused at how the -o- in *uɸo- became -a- in Gaulish and Brythonic.[1] However, Schrijver believes that in Brythonic, sequences of *wo regularly split into *wa and *wo depending on whether the *w was lenited; in this case, the vowel in the Brythonic descendants would be generalized from the lenited form. The Gaulish conversion of *wo to ua is regular.[4]

Noun

*uɸostos m

  1. servant

Declension
Masculine o-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *uɸostos *uɸostou *uɸostoi
vocative *uɸoste *uɸostou *uɸostūs
accusative *uɸostom *uɸostou *uɸostoms
genitive *uɸostī *uɸostous *uɸostom
dative *uɸostūi *uɸostobom *uɸostobos
locative *uɸostei *? *?
instrumental *uɸostū *uɸostobim *uɸostūis

Descendants
  • Proto-Brythonic: *gwass
    • Middle Breton: uuas, guas
    • Cumbric: gos
    • Old Cornish: guas
    • Old Welsh: guas
  • Old Irish: foss
    • Scottish Gaelic: fasdadh
  • Gaulish: *wassos
    • → Late Latin: vassus
      • ⇒ Medieval Latin: vassallus (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*wasto-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 404
  2. Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 1106, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1106
  3. Delamarre, Xavier (2003) Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 307
  4. Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, pages 127-129
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.