< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kaɸerūxs
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
Possibly from an extension of Proto-Indo-European *kápros (“goat”) (compare *gabros (“goat”)), and thus cognate with Latin caper and Old Norse hafr; but the -ɸr- is difficult to explain as it normally should have become -br- in Proto-Celtic.
Stifter proposes a stem-ablaut variant of Proto-Indo-European *kápros (“goat”), *kápero-, which then compounded with a zero-grade form of *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”) to form a root noun kaperoh₃kʷs. -oh₃- would regularly yield -ū- in a final syllable and -ā- elsewhere. The Brittonic forms would thus show a back-formation from the nominative singular, as a stem-final labial stop was not yielded.[1]
Inflection
| Masculine/feminine consonant stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *kaɸerūxs | *kaɸerāke | *kaɸerākes |
| vocative | *kaɸerūxs | *kaɸerāke | *kaɸerākes |
| accusative | *kaɸerākam | *kaɸerāke | *kaɸerākams |
| genitive | *kaɸerākos | *kaɸerākou | *kaɸerākom |
| dative | *kaɸerākei | *kaɸerākobom | *kaɸerākobos |
| locative | *kaɸerāki | — | — |
| instrumental | *kaɸerāke? | *kaɸerākobim | *kaɸerākobis |
Descendants
References
- Stifter, David (2020) “Old Irish etymology through the ages”, in Language & History, volume 63, number 1, Taylor & Francis, , pages 24-46
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