Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kápros

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Considered a post-PIE loanword by De Vaan.[1] The appearance of initial *g- in one, and the cluster *-ɸr- (instead of the expected *-br-) in the other, the Celtic variants are inexplicable if these are considered inherited reflexes. The a-vocalism likewise suggests a Wanderwort.

Noun

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*kápros m[2]

he-goat, billy goat

Inflection

Thematic
	singular
nominative	*kápros
genitive	*káprosyo
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kápros	*káproh₁	*káproes
vocative	*kápre	*káproh₁	*káproes
accusative	*káprom	*káproh₁	*káproms
genitive	*káprosyo	*?	*káproHom
ablative	*kápread	*?	*kápromos
dative	*káproey	*?	*kápromos
locative	káprey, káproy	*?	*káproysu
instrumental	*káproh₁	*?	*káprōys

Descendants

Proto-Celtic: *gabros (“goat”), *kaɸerūxs (“sheep”) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Germanic: *hafraz (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Hellenic: *kápros
- Ancient Greek: κάπρος (kápros, “boar”) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kápras
- Proto-Iranian: *káfrah (“kid”) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Italic: *kapros (see there for further descendants)

References

De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN