< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic

Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gnināti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti (to know, recognize).

Verb

*gnināti

  1. to recognize

Inflection

Athematic h₃-root nasal-infix present, suffixless preterite
Active voice
Present Imperfect Future Preterite
1st singular *gnināmi *gninamam *gignāsū *gegnū
2nd singular *gnināsi *gninatās *gignāsesi *gegnūs
3rd singular *gnināti *gninato *gignāseti *gegnū
1st plural *gninamosi *gninamo *gignāsomosi *gegnamo
2nd plural *gninatesi *gninastē *gignāsetesi *gegnate
3rd plural *gninonti *gninanto *gignāsonti *gegnar
Pres. subjunctive Past subjunctive Imperative
1st singular *gnāsū  ?
2nd singular *gnāsesi  ? *gninā
3rd singular *gnāseti  ? *gninātou
1st plural *gnāsomosi  ? *gninamos
2nd plural *gnāsetesi  ? *gninate
3rd plural *gnāsonti  ? *gninontou
Passive voice
Present Imperfect Future Preterite
1st singular *gninār *gignāsūr
2nd singular *gninātar *gignāsetar
3rd singular *gninātor  ? *gignāsetor
1st plural *gninammor *gignāsommor
2nd plural *gninadwe *gignāsedwe
3rd plural *gninontor  ? *gignāsontor
Pres. subjunctive Past subjunctive Imperative
1st singular *gnāsūr
2nd singular *gnāsetar
3rd singular *gnāsetor
1st plural *gnāsommor
2nd plural *gnāsedwe
3rd plural *gnāsontor
Declension of the past participle
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *gnātos *gnātou *gnātoi
vocative *gnāte *gnātou *gnātoi
accusative *gnātom *gnātou *gnātoms
genitive *gnātī *gnātous *gnātom
dative *gnātūi *gnātobom *gnātobos
instrumental *gnātū *gnātobim *gnātobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *gnātā *gnātai *gnātās
vocative *gnātā *gnātai *gnātās
accusative *gnātam *gnātai *gnātams
genitive *gnātās *gnātous *gnātom
dative *gnātai *gnātābom *gnātābos
instrumental *? *gnātābim *gnātābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *gnātom *gnātou *gnātā
vocative *gnātom *gnātou *gnātā
accusative *gnātom *gnātou *gnātā
genitive *gnātī *gnātous *gnātom
dative *gnātūi *gnātobom *gnātobos
instrumental *gnātū *gnātobim *gnātobis

Alternative reconstructions

Reconstruction notes

Later in Celtic, the ablauting nasal infix -nā-/-na- was replaced by -nu- by analogy with *klinutor (to hear), accounting for the fact that the stem vowel i is not lowered to e in Old Irish.[2]

Derived terms

  • *ati-uɸo-gnināti[1]
    • Proto-Brythonic: *adwoɨnɨnüd
      • Middle Breton: aznauout
        • Breton: anaout, anavout, anavezout
      • Cornish: aswonvos, aswon
      • Welsh: adnabod, adwaen
  • *ati-gnināti[1]

Descendants

  • Gaulish: gniiou (1st pers. sg. pres.)
  • Old Irish: ·gnin

References

  1. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*gni-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 163
  2. Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 350
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