adgnin
Old Irish
Etymology
From aith- + ·gnin, from Proto-Celtic *gninuti, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). Cognate with Welsh adwaen and Cornish aswon (both from *ati-uɸo-gni-).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [aðˈɡʲnʲin]
Verb
ad·gnin (verbal noun aithgne)
- to know, to recognize
- Synonyms: as·gnin, in·gnin
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 29b10
- .i. air ni conbiasom manibé aní huanaithgnintar ⁊ huanainmnigther
- i.e. for it will not exist unless there exist that from which it is recognised and named
- .i. air ni conbiasom manibé aní huanaithgnintar ⁊ huanainmnigther
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:adgnin.
- to perceive, to be aware of, to understand
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 1b14:
- .i. ætgnithi .i. isfollus doib asnoipred fir oirdnithi
- i.e. understood, i.e. it is manifest to them that it is the working of a supreme being
- .i. ætgnithi .i. isfollus doib asnoipred fir oirdnithi
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 1b14:
- to know sexually
- Lebor na hUidre, line 10323
- nír forfáemusa mnaí atgnead fer
- Lebor na hUidre, line 10323
Usage notes
In the sense ‘know, recognize’ the preterite is often used with a present meaning; see for example the two quotes from the Würzburg glosses on the citations page.
Conjugation
Complex, class B V present, reduplicated preterite, é future, a subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Deut. | ad·gninat | |||||||
| Prot. | ·aithgniniu | ·aithgninet | ·aithgnintar | ||||||
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | ad·gnied | |||||||
| Prot. | ·aithgned | ||||||||
| Preterite | Deut. | ad·gén | ad·géuin; adid·géuin (with infixed pronoun id-) | ad·génammar | ad·génatar; ad·génsat | ||||
| Prot. | ·aithgén | ·aithgén | ·aithgéuin | ·aithgénammar | ·aithgéntar; ·aithgénsat | ||||
| Perfect | Deut. | ad·rogénmar | |||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Future | Deut. | ad·gén | ad·géntar; atat·géntar (with infixed pronoun id-) | ||||||
| Prot. | ·aithgéna | ||||||||
| Conditional | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | ·aithgnita | ||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | ·aithgné | ·aithgnet | |||||||
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | ad·gned | |||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | aithgne | ||||||||
| Past participle | atgnithi | ||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Descendants
- Irish: aithin
- Scottish Gaelic: aithnich
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| ad·gnin | ad·gnin pronounced with /-ɣ(ʲ)-/ |
ad·ngnin |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “ad·gnin”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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