< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸiɸoike
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *peyḱ- (“to hew, cut out”).[1]
Inflection
| Suffixless preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | ? | ? | ? | *ɸiɸoika |
| 2nd singular | ? | ? | ? | *ɸiɸoikas? |
| 3rd singular | ? | ? | ? | *ɸiɸoike |
| 1st plural | ? | ? | ? | *ɸiɸoikmo |
| 2nd plural | ? | ? | ? | *ɸiɸoixte |
| 3rd plural | ? | ? | ? | *ɸiɸoikar |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | ? | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | ? | ? | ? | |
| 3rd singular | ? | ? | ? | |
| 1st plural | ? | ? | ? | |
| 2nd plural | ? | ? | ? | |
| 3rd plural | ? | ? | ? | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | ? | — | ? | — |
| 2nd singular | ? | — | ? | — |
| 3rd singular | ? | ? | ? | — |
| 1st plural | ? | — | ? | — |
| 2nd plural | ? | — | ? | — |
| 3rd plural | ? | ? | ? | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | ? | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | ? | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | ? | — | — | |
| 1st plural | ? | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | ? | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | ? | — | — | |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ɸixtos | *ɸixtou | *ɸixtoi |
| vocative | *ɸixte | *ɸixtou | *ɸixtoi |
| accusative | *ɸixtom | *ɸixtou | *ɸixtoms |
| genitive | *ɸixtī | *ɸixtous | *ɸixtom |
| dative | *ɸixtūi | *ɸixtobom | *ɸixtobos |
| instrumental | *ɸixtū | *ɸixtobim | *ɸixtobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ɸixtā | *ɸixtai | *ɸixtās |
| vocative | *ɸixtā | *ɸixtai | *ɸixtās |
| accusative | *ɸixtam | *ɸixtai | *ɸixtams |
| genitive | *ɸixtās | *ɸixtous | *ɸixtom |
| dative | *ɸixtai | *ɸixtābom | *ɸixtābos |
| instrumental | *? | *ɸixtābim | *ɸixtābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ɸixtom | *ɸixtou | *ɸixtā |
| vocative | *ɸixtom | *ɸixtou | *ɸixtā |
| accusative | *ɸixtom | *ɸixtou | *ɸixtā |
| genitive | *ɸixtī | *ɸixtous | *ɸixtom |
| dative | *ɸixtūi | *ɸixtobom | *ɸixtobos |
| instrumental | *ɸixtū | *ɸixtobim | *ɸixtobis |
Derived terms
- *uɸorɸiɸoike (+ *uɸor-)
- Proto-Brythonic: *gwrʉk
- Middle Cornish: gruk (preterite of gwruthyl)
- Middle Welsh: goruc (preterite of gwneuthur), gorwyth (alternative preterite derived from the past participle)
- ⇒ *disuɸorɸiɸoike (+ *dis-)
- Proto-Brythonic: *dɨswrʉk
- Middle Cornish: dyswruk (preterite of diswruthyl)
- Proto-Brythonic: *dɨswrʉk
- ⇒ *ambiuɸorɸiɸoike (+ *ambi-)
- Proto-Brythonic: *ėmwrʉk
- Middle Cornish: ymwruk (3sg.pret. of omwul)
- Proto-Brythonic: *ėmwrʉk
- Proto-Brythonic: *gwrʉk
References
- Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 519-521
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