하면

Korean

Etymology 1

Sino-Korean word from 下面, from 下 (“lower”) + 面 (“surface”).

Pronunciation
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈha̠(ː)mjʌ̹n]
  • Phonetic hangul: [하(ː)면]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?hamyeon
Revised Romanization (translit.)?hamyeon
McCune–Reischauer?hamyŏn
Yale Romanization?hāmyen

Noun

하면 • (hamyeon) (hanja 下面)

  1. bottom surface
    Antonym: 상면(上面) (sangmyeon)

Etymology 2

Of native Korean origin. From 하 (ha-, “to say”) +‎ 면 (-myeon, “if”): "if one speaks [about]..."

Pronunciation
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?hamyeon
Revised Romanization (translit.)?hamyeon
McCune–Reischauer?hamyŏn
Yale Romanization?hamyen

Verb

하면 • (hamyeon)

  1. conditional of 하다 (hada): see 하다 (hada), 으면 (-eumyeon).

Particle

하면 • (hamyeon)

  1. Attaches to a noun to introduce an exemplar, most desirable example, or closely associated fact about said noun.
    생선 하면 고등어지. ― Saengseon hamyeon godeung'eo-ji. ― As for fish, mackerel is best.
    영국 하면 해리포터지. ― Yeongguk hamyeon Haeri-poteo-ji. ― When I think of the United Kingdom, Harry Potter comes to mind.
    친구 하면 민지가 제일 먼저 떠오른다.
    Chin'gu hamyeon Minji-ga jeil meonjeo tteooreunda.
    When I think of friends, Minji is the first to come to mind.
Usage notes
  • In prescriptive Korean orthography, this is considered a conjugation of the verb 하다 (hada), not a particle, and is hence written with an orthographic space.
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