집다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Nammyeongjip eonhae (南明集諺解 / 남명집언해), 1482, as Middle Korean 집다 (Yale: cipta).
Possibly from earlier *cyup-ta, based on a vowel alternation from pre-Middle Korean *cyop-ta (“to pick”) reconstructed from words such as Middle Korean 져봄 (cyepwom, “handful”), 죡졉개 (cyokcyepkay, “tweezers”), and Jeju ᄌᆞᆸ다 (jawpda, “to pick”).[1]
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕip̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [집따]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | jipda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | jibda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | chipta |
| Yale Romanization? | cipta |
Usage notes
Unlike most Korean verbs whose stems end in ㅂ (b), 집다 (jipda) does not undergo the stem change ㅂ (b) -> 우 (u) before a vowel:
- 집어요 ― jib-eoyo ― [he] picks [it] up
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 집다 (jipda): consonant-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 집는다 jimneunda |
집어 jibeo |
집어요 jibeoyo |
집습니다 jipseumnida |
| Past | 집었다 jibeotda |
집었어 jibeosseo |
집었어요 jibeosseoyo |
집었습니다 jibeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 집느냐 jimneunya |
집어 jibeo |
집어요 jibeoyo |
집습니까 jipseumnikka |
| Past | 집었느냐 jibeonneunya |
집었어 jibeosseo |
집었어요 jibeosseoyo |
집었습니까 jibeotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 집자 jipja | 집어 jibeo | 집어요 jibeoyo | 집으십시다 jibeusipsida | |
| Imperative | 집어라 jibeora | 집어 jibeo | 집어요 jibeoyo | 집읍시오 jibeupsio | |
| Assertive | 집겠다 jipgetda | 집겠어 jipgesseo | 집겠어요 jipgesseoyo | 집겠습니다 jipgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 집어 jibeo | 집어서 jibeoseo | 집으니 jibeuni | 집으니까 jibeunikka | |
| Contrast | 집지만 jipjiman | 집는데 jimneunde | 집더니 jipdeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 집고 jipgo | ||||
| Condition | 집으면 jibeumyeon | 집어야 jibeoya | |||
| Motive | 집으려고 jibeuryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 집음 jibeum | 집기 jipgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 집었음 jibeosseum | 집었기 jibeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 집은 jibeun | |||
| Present | 집는 jimneun | ||||
| Future | 집을 jibeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 집으신다 jibeusinda |
집으셔 jibeusyeo |
집으세요, 집으셔요 jibeuseyo, jibeusyeoyo |
집으십니다 jibeusimnida |
| Past | 집으셨다 jibeusyeotda |
집으셨어 jibeusyeosseo |
집으셨어요 jibeusyeosseoyo |
집으셨습니다 jibeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 집으시느냐 jibeusineunya |
집으셔 jibeusyeo |
집으세요, 집으셔요 jibeuseyo, jibeusyeoyo |
집으십니까 jibeusimnikka |
| Past | 집으셨느냐 jibeusyeonneunya |
집으셨어 jibeusyeosseo |
집으셨어요 jibeusyeosseoyo |
집으셨습니까 jibeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 집으시라 jibeusira | 집으셔 jibeusyeo | 집으세요 jibeuseyo | 집으십시오 jibeusipsio | |
| Assertive | 집으시겠다 jibeusigetda | 집으시겠어 jibeusigesseo | 집으시겠어요 jibeusigesseoyo | 집으시겠습니다 jibeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 집으셔 jibeusyeo | 집으셔서 jibeusyeoseo | 집으시니 jibeusini | 집으시니까 jibeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 집으시지만 jibeusijiman | 집으시는데 jibeusineunde | 집으시더니 jibeusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 집으시고 jibeusigo | ||||
| Condition | 집으시면 jibeusimyeon | 집으셔야 jibeusyeoya | |||
| Motive | 집으시려고 jibeusiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 집으심 jibeusim | 집으시기 jibeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 집으셨음 jibeusyeosseum | 집으셨기 jibeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 집으신 jibeusin | |||
| Present | 집으시는 jibeusineun | ||||
| Future | 집으실 jibeusil | ||||
Derived terms
- 집게 (jipge, “tongs, tweezers”)
See also
- 집히다 (jiphida) (passive form)
- 찝다 (jjipda) (non-standard form)
References
- 전한솔 [jeonhansol] (2023) “조선관역어의 ‘噴 [靑]’과 ‘則卜論 [寅]’에 대하여 [joseon'gwanyeogeoui ‘噴 [靑]’gwa ‘則卜論 [寅]’e daehayeo]”, in 구결연구, volume 51, 구결학회 [gugyeolhakhoe], pages 283-309
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