익숙하다
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Korean 닉숙다 (Yale: nikswuk-ta), from 닉— (Yale: nik-, whence modern 익— (ik-, “to be skilled/familiar”)) + 숙(熟) (Yale: swuk) + —다 (Yale: -ta). Speakers have later inserted the adjective-deriving suffix 하다 (-hada), first attested in the late Early Modern period.
Equivalent to modern 익숙 (iksuk) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [iks͈ukʰa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [익쑤카다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | iksukhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | igsughada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | iksukhada |
| Yale Romanization? | ik.swuk.hata |
Adjective
익숙하다 • (iksukhada) (infinitive 익숙해 or 익숙하여, sequential 익숙하니)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 익숙하다 (iksukhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 익숙하다 iksukhada |
익숙해 iksukhae |
익숙해요 iksukhaeyo |
익숙합니다 iksukhamnida |
| Past | 익숙했다 iksukhaetda |
익숙했어 iksukhaesseo |
익숙했어요 iksukhaesseoyo |
익숙했습니다 iksukhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 익숙하냐 iksukhanya |
익숙해 iksukhae |
익숙해요 iksukhaeyo |
익숙합니까 iksukhamnikka |
| Past | 익숙했냐 iksukhaennya |
익숙했어 iksukhaesseo |
익숙했어요 iksukhaesseoyo |
익숙했습니까 iksukhaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 익숙하겠다 iksukhagetda | 익숙하겠어 iksukhagesseo | 익숙하겠어요 iksukhagesseoyo | 익숙하겠습니다 iksukhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 익숙해 iksukhae | 익숙해서, 익숙하여서 iksukhaeseo, iksukhayeoseo | 익숙하니 iksukhani | 익숙하니까 iksukhanikka | |
| Contrast | 익숙하지만 iksukhajiman | 익숙한데 iksukhande | 익숙하더니 iksukhadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 익숙하고 iksukhago | ||||
| Condition | 익숙하면 iksukhamyeon | 익숙해야, 익숙하여야 iksukhaeya, iksukhayeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 익숙함 iksukham | 익숙하기 iksukhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 익숙했음, 익숙하였음 iksukhaesseum, iksukhayeosseum | 익숙했기, 익숙하였기 iksukhaetgi, iksukhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 익숙한 iksukhan | |||
| Future | 익숙할 iksukhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 익숙하시다 iksukhasida |
익숙하셔 iksukhasyeo |
익숙하세요, 익숙하셔요 iksukhaseyo, iksukhasyeoyo |
익숙하십니다 iksukhasimnida |
| Past | 익숙하셨다 iksukhasyeotda |
익숙하셨어 iksukhasyeosseo |
익숙하셨어요 iksukhasyeosseoyo |
익숙하셨습니다 iksukhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 익숙하시냐 iksukhasinya |
익숙하셔 iksukhasyeo |
익숙하세요, 익숙하셔요 iksukhaseyo, iksukhasyeoyo |
익숙하십니까 iksukhasimnikka |
| Past | 익숙하셨냐 iksukhasyeonnya |
익숙하셨어 iksukhasyeosseo |
익숙하셨어요 iksukhasyeosseoyo |
익숙하셨습니까 iksukhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 익숙하시겠다 iksukhasigetda | 익숙하시겠어 iksukhasigesseo | 익숙하시겠어요 iksukhasigesseoyo | 익숙하시겠습니다 iksukhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 익숙하셔 iksukhasyeo | 익숙하셔서 iksukhasyeoseo | 익숙하시니 iksukhasini | 익숙하시니까 iksukhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 익숙하시지만 iksukhasijiman | 익숙하신데 iksukhasinde | 익숙하시더니 iksukhasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 익숙하시고 iksukhasigo | ||||
| Condition | 익숙하시면 iksukhasimyeon | 익숙하셔야 iksukhasyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 익숙하심 iksukhasim | 익숙하시기 iksukhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 익숙하셨음 iksukhasyeosseum | 익숙하셨기 iksukhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 익숙하신 iksukhasin | |||
| Future | 익숙하실 iksukhasil | ||||
See also
- 익숙해지다 (iksukhaejida, “to get used to; to become accustomed (to), experienced, skilled, familiarized”)
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