슬프다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 슬프다 (Yale: sulphuta). From 슳 (to lament) + 브 (-pu-, adjective-making suffix).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰɯɭpʰɯda̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [슬프다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | seulpeuda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | seulpeuda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | sŭlp'ŭda |
| Yale Romanization? | sul.phuta |
Adjective
슬프다 • (seulpeuda) (infinitive 슬퍼, sequential 슬프니)
- to be sad
- “위로 올라가야지만 그것을 볼 수 있어요”라고 그는 슬프게 말했다.
- “wiro ollagayajiman geugeoseul bol su isseoyo”rago geuneun seulpeuge malhaetda.
- “Only when we climb up can we see it,” he said sadly.
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 슬프다 (seulpeuda): vowel-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 슬프다 seulpeuda |
슬퍼 seulpeo |
슬퍼요 seulpeoyo |
슬픕니다 seulpeumnida |
| Past | 슬펐다 seulpeotda |
슬펐어 seulpeosseo |
슬펐어요 seulpeosseoyo |
슬펐습니다 seulpeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 슬프냐 seulpeunya |
슬퍼 seulpeo |
슬퍼요 seulpeoyo |
슬픕니까 seulpeumnikka |
| Past | 슬펐냐 seulpeonnya |
슬펐어 seulpeosseo |
슬펐어요 seulpeosseoyo |
슬펐습니까 seulpeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 슬프겠다 seulpeugetda | 슬프겠어 seulpeugesseo | 슬프겠어요 seulpeugesseoyo | 슬프겠습니다 seulpeugetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 슬퍼 seulpeo | 슬퍼서 seulpeoseo | 슬프니 seulpeuni | 슬프니까 seulpeunikka | |
| Contrast | 슬프지만 seulpeujiman | 슬픈데 seulpeunde | 슬프더니 seulpeudeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 슬프고 seulpeugo | ||||
| Condition | 슬프면 seulpeumyeon | 슬퍼야 seulpeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 슬픔 seulpeum | 슬프기 seulpeugi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 슬펐음 seulpeosseum | 슬펐기 seulpeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 슬픈 seulpeun | |||
| Future | 슬플 seulpeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 슬프시다 seulpeusida |
슬프셔 seulpeusyeo |
슬프세요, 슬프셔요 seulpeuseyo, seulpeusyeoyo |
슬프십니다 seulpeusimnida |
| Past | 슬프셨다 seulpeusyeotda |
슬프셨어 seulpeusyeosseo |
슬프셨어요 seulpeusyeosseoyo |
슬프셨습니다 seulpeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 슬프시냐 seulpeusinya |
슬프셔 seulpeusyeo |
슬프세요, 슬프셔요 seulpeuseyo, seulpeusyeoyo |
슬프십니까 seulpeusimnikka |
| Past | 슬프셨냐 seulpeusyeonnya |
슬프셨어 seulpeusyeosseo |
슬프셨어요 seulpeusyeosseoyo |
슬프셨습니까 seulpeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 슬프시겠다 seulpeusigetda | 슬프시겠어 seulpeusigesseo | 슬프시겠어요 seulpeusigesseoyo | 슬프시겠습니다 seulpeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 슬프셔 seulpeusyeo | 슬프셔서 seulpeusyeoseo | 슬프시니 seulpeusini | 슬프시니까 seulpeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 슬프시지만 seulpeusijiman | 슬프신데 seulpeusinde | 슬프시더니 seulpeusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 슬프시고 seulpeusigo | ||||
| Condition | 슬프시면 seulpeusimyeon | 슬프셔야 seulpeusyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 슬프심 seulpeusim | 슬프시기 seulpeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 슬프셨음 seulpeusyeosseum | 슬프셨기 seulpeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 슬프신 seulpeusin | |||
| Future | 슬프실 seulpeusil | ||||
Derived terms
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