風気

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
かぜ
Grade: 2

Grade: 1
kun’yomi goon
Alternative spelling
風氣 (kyūjitai)
Kanji in this term
かざ
Grade: 2

Grade: 1
kun’yomi goon
Alternative spelling
風氣 (kyūjitai)

Compound of (kaza, wind; a cold, ancient compounding form of modern kaze) + (ke, feeling).[1][2]

The kazake reading is first cited to 1152.[1]

The kazeke reading is first cited to the early 1200s.[1]

In modern usage, kazake and kazeke are found in free variation. Some Japanese resources list the relatively older kazake reading as the primary,[1][2] some list the kazeke reading as the primary,[3][4] and some list both without apparent prioritization.[5]

Pronunciation

Adjective

(かざ)() or (かぜ)() • (kazake or kazeke) -na (adnominal (かざ)() (kazake na), adverbial (かざ)() (kazake ni))

  1. poorly, sickly, on the verge of catching a cold
  2. soon to be windy, seeming as if the wind is about to blow
Inflection

Noun

(かざ)() or (かぜ)() • (kazake or kazeke) 

  1. a feeling like one is sick or about to catch cold
  2. the appearance or sense that the wind is just about to blow, a feeling of impending windiness

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
ふう
Grade: 2

Grade: 1
goon kan’on
Alternative spelling
風氣 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 風氣 (MC pjuwng khj+jH).

Pronunciation

Noun

(ふう)() • (fūki) 

  1. the wind, air currents
    Synonym: (wind) (kaze)
  2. the climate or weather of an area
    Synonyms: (weather) 天気 (tenki), (climate) 気候 (kikō)
  3. common manners and customs
    Synonym: 風俗 (fūzoku)
  4. a cold, an illness
    Synonym: 風邪 (kaze)
  5. an easygoing or even-tempered disposition
  6. flatus, gas; gaseous bloating

References

  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  4. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  5. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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