阿魏

Chinese

	phonetic
trad. (阿魏)	阿	魏
simp. ^#(阿魏)	阿	魏
alternative forms	阿䭳

Etymology

Borrowed from some unspecified language in the Western Regions.

Attested first in Medieval Chinese, and was reported to have come from the Jia-she-na (< ga-ʑa-na?) (伽闍那) country in Northern India―possibly referring to modern Ghazni in Afghanistan.

Compare Persian (angodân), (angožad), Tocharian B aṅkwaṣ, Khotanese aṃgūṣḍa-, Arabic أَنْجُدَان (ʔanjudān), Sanskrit हिङ्गु (hiṅgu), all meaning “asafoetida” and all possibly derived, ultimately, from Proto-Iranian *Hanguǰatu (“asafoetida”), where *ǰátu is “gum” (cf. Modern Persian (žad)) and the first part *Hangwr̥ (“resin”).

This term was discussed in detail in Sino-Iranica. Zhengzhang (2006) points out that the sibilant final in Tocharian B ("Kuchean") aṅkwaṣ matches the tonogenesis of Middle Chinese 去聲／去声 (qùshēng, “departing tone”) from Old Chinese in 魏 (MC ngjw+jH) < 魏 (OC *ŋɡuls).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ēwèi, āwèi

(Zhuyin): ㄜㄨㄟˋ, ㄚㄨㄟˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): o¹ ngai⁶
Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): a¹ ghui⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ēwèi
  - Zhuyin: ㄜㄨㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ewèi
  - Wade–Giles: o¹-wei⁴
  - Yale: ē-wèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ewey
  - Palladius: эвэй (evɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: āwèi
  - Zhuyin: ㄚㄨㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: awèi
  - Wade–Giles: a¹-wei⁴
  - Yale: ā-wèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: awey
  - Palladius: авэй (avɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀä⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: o¹ ngai⁶
  - Yale: ō ngaih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: o¹ ngai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: o¹ ngei⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔː⁵⁵ ŋɐi̯²²/
Southern Min
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: a¹ ghui⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: a gūi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /a³³⁻²³ ɡui¹¹/

Middle Chinese: 'a ngjw+jH

Rime
Character	阿	魏
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)	微 (21)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	烏何切	魚貴切
Baxter	'a	ngjw+jH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɑ/	/ŋʉi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɑ/	/ŋʷɨi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɑ/	/ŋiuəi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔa/	/ŋuj^H/
Li Rong	/ʔɑ/	/ŋiuəi^H/
Wang Li	/ɑ/	/ŋĭwəi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔɑ/	/ŋwe̯i^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ē	wèi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	o¹	ngai⁶

Noun

阿魏

Synonyms

形虞 (xíngyú)

Derived terms

臭阿魏
阿魏膠／阿魏胶
阿魏酸 (āwèisuān)
䭳 (wèi)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (阿魏):

→ Japanese: 阿魏(あぎ) (agi)
→ Korean: 아위(阿魏) (awi)

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