鋼

See also: 钢
鋼 U+92FC, 鋼
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-92FC
← 鋻
[U+92FB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鋽 →
[U+92FD]

Translingual

Han character

鋼 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+8, 16 strokes, cangjie input 金月廿山 (CBTU), four-corner 87120, composition ⿰釒岡)

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1309, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40509
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1810, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4220, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+92FC

Chinese
trad. 鋼
simp. 钢
alternative forms 鎠

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (岡) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
岡 *klaːŋ
崗 *klaːŋ
剛 *klaːŋ
掆 *klaːŋ, *klaːŋs
鋼 *klaːŋ, *klaːŋs
綱 *klaːŋ
犅 *klaːŋ
堈 *klaːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːŋ, *klaːŋs) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 岡 (OC *klaːŋ).

Etymology

Along with 剛 (OC *klaːŋ, “hard, firm, stiff”), derived from the terminative of 固 (OC *kaːs, “firm, solid, hard”), literally "having become solid, hard" (Schuessler, 2007).

For the identity of the unknown preinitial *C reconstructed by Baxter & Sagart (2014), compare the pre-syllable *t- of Proto-Vietic *t-kaːŋ, its reflex.

Pronunciation 1

Note: gong3 - variant.
Note:
  • kǹg - vernacular;
  • kòng/kong - literary.
Rime
Character 鋼 鋼
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 唐 (101) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 古郎切 古浪切
Baxter kang kangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kɑŋ/ /kɑŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kɑŋ/ /kɑŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kɑŋ/ /kɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kaŋ/ /kaŋH/
Li
Rong		 /kɑŋ/ /kɑŋH/
Wang
Li		 /kɑŋ/ /kɑŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kɑŋ/ /kɑŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 gāng gàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gong1 gong3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鋼
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 gāng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.kˁaŋ/
English cast iron; steel

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鋼 鋼
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 3715 3719
Phonetic
component		 岡 岡
Rime
group		 陽 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 岡 鋼
Old
Chinese		 /*klaːŋ/ /*klaːŋs/

Definitions

鋼

  1. steel
See also

Compounds

Descendants
  • → Buryat: ган (gan)
  • → Mongolian: ган (gan)
  • → Manchu: ᡬᠠᠨ (g'an)
  • → Tai Nüa: ᥐᥣᥒ (kaang)
  • → Proto-Vietic: *t-kaːŋ (via Old Chinese)
    • Middle Vietnamese:

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

鋼

  1. † hard; strong; tough
  2. to sharpen; to whet; to strop

Compounds
  • 鋼刀布／钢刀布

References

Japanese

Kanji
鋼

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology
Kanji in this term
鋼
はがね
Grade: 6
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
刃金

刃 (ha, “blade”) +‎ 金 (kane, “metal”)

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) はがね [hàgáné] (Heiban – [0])
  • IPA(key): [ha̠ɡa̠ne̞]

Noun

鋼(はがね) • (hagane) 

  1. steel (metal produced from iron)
    鋼(はがね)のように硬(かた)い。
    Hagane no yō ni katai.
    Hard as steel.

Synonyms

Korean

Hanja

鋼 (eumhun 강철/굳셀 강 (gangcheol/gutsel gang))

  1. Hanja form? of 강 (“steel”).
  2. Hanja form? of 강 (“hard; strong”).

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

鋼: Hán Nôm readings: cương, gang, cang

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