銅

銅 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+6, 14 strokes, cangjie input 金月一口 (CBMR), four-corner 8712₀, composition ⿰釒同)

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1304, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40361
• Dae Jaweon: page 1806, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4196, character 7
• Unihan data for U+9285

Historical forms of the character 銅
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doːŋ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 同 (OC *doːŋ).

Since metals are typically associated with color, the word is probably related to 彤 (OC *l'uːŋ, “red”) (Schuessler, 2007).

The word "copper" occurs in some Southeast Asian languages with initial l- (Sagart, 1999). Examples include Zhuang luengz, Bouyei luangz and Bu-Nao Bunu loŋ², which are early loans from Chinese.

Tibetan དོང་ཙེ (dong tse, “Chinese copper coin”) was borrowed from Chinese 銅子／铜子 (tóngzǐ).

銅

1. (chemistry) copper (Cu)
2. bronze
3. a surname

Others:

• → Khmer: ទង់ (tŭəng, “bronze; red copper; alloy of copper and gold”), ថង (thɑɑng, “gold”), ទង (tɔɔng, “gold”)
• → Lao: ທອງ (thǭng, “copper; gold; metal”)
• → Thai: ทอง (tɔɔng, “gold”)
• → Zhuang: doengz (“copper; brass”)

• “銅”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04291
• “Entry #10937”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

• Go-on: ずう (zū)^{←づう (duu, historical)}
• Kan-on: とう (tō)
• Kan’yō-on: どう (dō, Jōyō)
• Kun: あかがね (akagane, 銅)

From Middle Chinese 銅 (MC duwng). Compare modern Min Nan reading tông, Wu don, Xiang dong².

• (Tokyo) ど​ー [dóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [do̞ː]

銅(どう) • (dō) 

1. copper, Cu

Compound of 赤 (aka, “red”) +‎ 金 (kane, “metal”).[3][1] The kane changes to gane as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[3]

• (Tokyo) あかがね [àkágáné] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [a̠ka̠ɡa̠ne̞]

銅(あかがね) • (akagane) 

1. copper, Cu

Abbreviation of akagane.[1]

• (Tokyo) あ​か [áꜜkà] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [a̠ka̠]

銅(あか) • (aka) 

1. copper, Cu

銅 (eumhun 구리 동 (guri dong))

1. Hanja form^? of 동 (“copper”).
2. Hanja form^? of 동 (“Vietnamese dong”).

銅: Hán Việt readings: đồng
銅: Nôm readings: đòng, đồng

1. chữ Hán form of đồng (“copper”).

• Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)