神戸

See also: 神戶 and 神户

Japanese
Kanji in this term
神 戸
こう
Grade: 3		 へ > べ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
神戶 (kyūjitai)

Etymology

⟨kamu pe1⟩ → ⟨kamube1⟩ → */kamubʲe/ → /kaũbe/ → /kɔːbe/ → /koːbe/

Originally a compound of 神 (kamu, Old Japanese combining form of kami, “(Shinto) god, deity”) +‎ 戸 (he, “house”); itself referring to 生田神社 (Ikuta Jinja, “Ikuta Shrine”) as attested in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Proper noun

神(こう)戸(べ) • (Kōbe) ←かうべ (kaube)?

  1. Kobe (the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)
    昨日(きのう)、神(こう)戸(べ)から東(とう)京(きょう)に引(ひ)っ越(こ)しました。
    Kinō, Kōbe kara Tōkyō ni hikkoshimashita.
    I moved from Kobe to Tokyo yesterday.

Descendants
  • → English: Kobe

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Old Japanese

Etymology

Compound of 神 (kamu, combining form of kami2, “(Shinto) god, deity”) +‎ 戸 (pe1, “house”). The pe1 changes to be1 as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Noun

神戸 (kamube1) (kana かむべ)

  1. under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system, a shrine in the 封戸 (fuko) household of taxation
    • 720, Nihon Shoki, Emperor Sujin, seventh year of reign [c. 90 BCE], thirteenth day of the eleventh month:
      然後卜祭二他社一、吉レ焉。便別祭二八十萬群神一。仍定二天社、國社、及神地、神戸一。
      Then after was the divination and veneration to the other gods, thereupon [it was] good. Then the other eighty and ten thousand gods were venerated separately. A shrine was dedicated to the ama tsu yashiro [heavenly deities], kuni tsu yashiro [national deities], as well as the godly places and the shrine households.

Descendants
  • Japanese: 神戸 (kanbe, Kōbe)
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