松柏

Chinese

		pine	cypress; cedar; surname
trad. (松柏)		松	柏
simp. ^#(松柏)		松	柏

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): sōngbǎi, sōngbó

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄥㄅㄞˇ, ㄙㄨㄥㄅㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cung⁴ paak³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhiùng-pak
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhêng-peh

(Teochew, Peng'im): sêng⁵ bêh⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; vernacular variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sōngbǎi
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄥㄅㄞˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: songbǎi
  - Wade–Giles: sung¹-pai³
  - Yale: sūng-bǎi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: songbae
  - Palladius: сунбай (sunbaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ⁵⁵ paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sōngbó
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄥㄅㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: songbó
  - Wade–Giles: sung¹-po²
  - Yale: sūng-bwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: songbor
  - Palladius: сунбо (sunbo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cung⁴ paak³
  - Yale: chùhng paak
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsung⁴ paak⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: cung⁴ pag³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ pʰaːk̚³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiùng-pak
  - Hakka Romanization System: qiungˇ bag`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qiung² bag⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕʰi̯uŋ¹¹ pak̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhêng-peh
  - Tâi-lô: tshîng-peh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhengpeq
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² peʔ³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² peʔ⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ¹³⁻²² peʔ³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ peʔ³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ²³⁻³³ peʔ³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sêng⁵ bêh⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sêng peh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ peʔ²/

Middle Chinese: zjowng paek

Rime
Character	松	柏
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	邪 (17)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)	庚 (113)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	祥容切	博陌切
Baxter	zjowng	paek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/zɨoŋ/	/pˠæk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/zioŋ/	/pᵚak̚/
Shao Rongfen	/zioŋ/	/pak̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/zuawŋ/	/paɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/zioŋ/	/pɐk̚/
Wang Li	/zĭwoŋ/	/pɐk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/zi̯woŋ/	/pɐk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sóng	bo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cung⁴	bak¹

Noun

松柏

pine and cypress
(Teochew) pine
(figurative) steadfast integrity
(figurative) grave (as pine and cypress trees were traditionally planted in cemeteries)

Derived terms

松柏不翦
松柏之壽／松柏之寿
松柏凌霜雪而彌勁／松柏凌霜雪而弥劲
松柏後凋／松柏后凋
松柏後凋於歲寒／松柏后凋于岁寒

Proper noun

松柏

(～鎮) Songbai (a town in Shennongjia, Hubei, China)
(～村) Songbai (a village in Songbai, Shennongjia, Hubei, China)

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