嫌う
Japanese
Kanji in this term |
---|
嫌 |
きら Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Etymology
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]
Listed in the Daijiten as being cognate with 切る (kiru, “to cut”),[2] perhaps via ふ (fu, repetitive verb suffix), however Samuel Martin thinks this is unlikely.[3]
Pronunciation
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "嫌う"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
嫌う | きらう | [kìráú] |
Imperative (命令形) | 嫌え | きらえ | [kìráé] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 嫌われる | きらわれる | [kìráwárérú] |
Causative | 嫌わせる | きらわせる | [kìráwásérú] |
Potential | 嫌える | きらえる | [kìráérú] |
Volitional | 嫌おう | きらおー | [kìráóꜜò] |
Negative | 嫌わない | きらわない | [kìráwánáí] |
Negative perfective | 嫌わなかった | きらわなかった | [kìráwánáꜜkàttà] |
Formal | 嫌います | きらいます | [kìráímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 嫌った | きらった | [kìráttá] |
Conjunctive | 嫌って | きらって | [kìrátté] |
Hypothetical conditional | 嫌えば | きらえば | [kìráéꜜbà] |
Conjugation
Conjugation of "嫌う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 嫌わ | きらわ | kirawa |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 嫌い | きらい | kirai |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 嫌う | きらう | kirau |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 嫌う | きらう | kirau |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 嫌え | きらえ | kirae |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 嫌え | きらえ | kirae |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 嫌われる | きらわれる | kirawareru |
Causative | 嫌わせる 嫌わす |
きらわせる きらわす |
kirawaseru kirawasu |
Potential | 嫌える | きらえる | kiraeru |
Volitional | 嫌おう | きらおう | kiraō |
Negative | 嫌わない | きらわない | kirawanai |
Negative continuative | 嫌わず | きらわず | kirawazu |
Formal | 嫌います | きらいます | kiraimasu |
Perfective | 嫌った | きらった | kiratta |
Conjunctive | 嫌って | きらって | kiratte |
Hypothetical conditional | 嫌えば | きらえば | kiraeba |
Derived terms
References
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
- “嫌”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- Martin, Samuel E. (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN
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