嫌う

Japanese
Kanji in this term
嫌
きら
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Etymology

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]

Listed in the Daijiten as being cognate with 切る (kiru, “to cut”),[2] perhaps via ふ (fu, repetitive verb suffix), however Samuel Martin thinks this is unlikely.[3]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) きらう [kìráú] (Heiban – [0])
  • IPA(key): [kʲiɾa̠ɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "嫌う"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 嫌う きらう [kìráú]
Imperative (命令形) 嫌え きらえ [kìráé]
Key constructions
Passive 嫌われる きらわれる [kìráwárérú]
Causative 嫌わせる きらわせる [kìráwásérú]
Potential 嫌える きらえる [kìráérú]
Volitional 嫌おう きらお​ー [kìráóꜜò]
Negative 嫌わない きらわない [kìráwánáí]
Negative perfective 嫌わなかった きらわな​かった [kìráwánáꜜkàttà]
Formal 嫌います きらいま​す [kìráímáꜜsù]
Perfective 嫌った きらった [kìráttá]
Conjunctive 嫌って きらって [kìrátté]
Hypothetical conditional 嫌えば きらえ​ば [kìráéꜜbà]

Verb

嫌(きら)う • (kirau) transitive godan (stem 嫌(きら)い (kirai), past 嫌(きら)った (kiratta))

  1. to hate; to dislike
    彼(かれ)は田舎(いなか)の陋(ろう)習(しゅう)を嫌(きら)う。
    Kare wa inaka no rōshū o kirau.
    He hates provincial abuses.
    家(か)具(ぐ)は湿(しっ)気(け)を嫌(きら)う。
    Kagu wa shikke o kirau.
    Furniture is incompatible with moisture.

Conjugation
Conjugation of "嫌う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 嫌わ きらわ kirawa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 嫌い きらい kirai
Shūshikei ("terminal") 嫌う きらう kirau
Rentaikei ("attributive") 嫌う きらう kirau
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 嫌え きらえ kirae
Meireikei ("imperative") 嫌え きらえ kirae
Key constructions
Passive 嫌われる きらわれる kirawareru
Causative 嫌わせる
嫌わす		 きらわせる
きらわす		 kirawaseru
kirawasu
Potential 嫌える きらえる kiraeru
Volitional 嫌おう きらおう kiraō
Negative 嫌わない きらわない kirawanai
Negative continuative 嫌わず きらわず kirawazu
Formal 嫌います きらいます kiraimasu
Perfective 嫌った きらった kiratta
Conjunctive 嫌って きらって kiratte
Hypothetical conditional 嫌えば きらえば kiraeba

Synonyms

Antonyms

Derived terms

References
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
  1. “嫌”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. Martin, Samuel E. (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN
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