姜

See also: 薑
姜 U+59DC, 姜
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-59DC
← 姛
[U+59DB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 姝 →
[U+59DD]

Translingual

Han character

姜 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿土女 (TGV), four-corner 80404, composition ⿱𦍌女)

Derived characters
  • 𠷩, 𡟜, 𤟲, 𣕞, 𤚖, 𥔣, 𨃇, 𨩍, 𩝅, 𩹖, 𦍯, 𨜰, 𡟿, 𦎛, 𡡭, 葁

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 259, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6205
  • Dae Jaweon: page 525, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1047, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+59DC

Chinese

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 姜
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions
Characters in the same phonetic series (羊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
样 *ʔslaːŋ, *laŋ
佯 *zlaŋ, *laŋ
詳 *ljaŋ, *laŋ
洋 *ljaŋ, *laŋ
翔 *ljaŋ
庠 *ljaŋ
祥 *ljaŋ
痒 *ljaŋ, *laŋʔ
姜 *klaŋ
羌 *kʰlaŋ
蜣 *kʰlaŋ
猐 *kʰlaŋ
唴 *kʰlaŋs
羊 *laŋ
徉 *laŋ
烊 *laŋ
蛘 *laŋ, *laŋʔ
眻 *laŋ, *laŋs
鴹 *laŋ
恙 *laŋs
羕 *laŋs
樣 *laŋs
漾 *laŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaŋ) : phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ) + semantic 女 (“female”)

Etymology 1
trad. 姜
simp. # 姜

Commonly assumed to be related to 羌 (OC *kʰlaŋ) (Pulleyblank, 2000), though not necessarily (Schuessler, 2007); 羊 (OC *laŋ, “sheep”) in the graphs may be just phonetic or also semantic, signifying "names referring to nomads" (Schuessler, 2009).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • khiuⁿ - vernacular (surname in Quanzhou);
  • kiuⁿ/kioⁿ - vernacular (limited, e.g. 埔姜);
  • khiong/khiang - literary (surname in Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taiwan);
  • kiong - literary (limited, e.g. 范姜).
Rime
Character 姜
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居良切
Baxter kjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kiɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kɨaŋ/
Li
Rong		 /kiaŋ/
Wang
Li		 /kĭaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ki̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jiāng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 goeng1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 姜
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jiāng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kjang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.qaŋ/
English a family name

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 姜
Reading # 1/1
No. 14530
Phonetic
component		 羊
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 薑
Old
Chinese		 /*klaŋ/

Definitions

姜

  1. a surname
    姜維／姜维  ―  Jiāng Wéi  ―  Jiang Wei (military general of the state of Shu)
  2. (mythology) name of a river, identified as a Qi stream near Mount Qi (Commentary on the Water Classic)

Compounds
  • 埔姜
  • 姜姜
  • 姜家大被
  • 姜巷 (Jiāngxiàng)
  • 姜芋
  • 姜被
  • 姜黃／姜黄 (jiānghuáng)
  • 姬姜
  • 孟姜女 (Mèngjiāngnǚ)
  • 敬姜猶績／敬姜犹绩
  • 海埔姜
  • 范姜 (Fànjiāng)
  • 賣良姜／卖良姜
  • 齊姜／齐姜

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 姜 – see 薑 (“ginger”).
(This character is the simplified and variant form of 薑).
Notes:

Japanese

Kanji
姜

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

姜 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang)

  1. a surname

Vietnamese

Han character

姜: Hán Nôm readings: Khương, khương, cưng, gừng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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