九五

Chinese

		nine	five
simp. and trad. (九五)		九	五
Literally: “nine (in the) fifth (position)”.

Etymology

The first hexagram of the I Ching (䷀) is six solid bars from bottom to top. In I Ching divination, a value of nine corresponds to a solid bar (old yang: i.e. yang changing into yin). In the I Ching commentary for the first hexagram, it notes that a value of nine in the fifth position (the second bar from the top) has the following meaning:

飛龍在天，利見大人 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]

飞龙在天，利见大人 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: I Ching, 11^th – 8^th century BCE

fēi lóng zài tiān, lì jiàn dàrén [Pinyin]

The flying dragon is in the heavens, which helps it to see a great man

As a result of the symbolism of the wording in the commentary, this term eventually came to be associated with the emperor.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiǔwǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gau² ng⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiǔwǔ [Phonetic: jiúwǔ]
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiǒuwǔ
  - Wade–Giles: chiu³-wu³
  - Yale: jyǒu-wǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeouwuu
  - Palladius: цзюу (czjuu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gau² ng⁵
  - Yale: gáu ńgh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gau² ng⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: geo² ng⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐu̯³⁵ ŋ̍¹³/

Middle Chinese: kjuwX nguX

Rime
Character	九	五
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	舉有切	疑古切
Baxter	kjuwX	nguX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨu^X/	/ŋuo^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kiu^X/	/ŋuo^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kiəu^X/	/ŋo^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuw^X/	/ŋɔ^X/
Li Rong	/kiu^X/	/ŋo^X/
Wang Li	/kĭəu^X/	/ŋu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ə̯u^X/	/ŋuo^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiǔ	wǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau²	ng⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]uʔ C.ŋˤaʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kuʔ ŋaːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	九	五
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiǔ	wǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ kjuw^X ›	‹ ngu^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]uʔ/	/*C.ŋˁaʔ/
English	nine	five
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	九	五
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6941	13147
Phonetic component	九	五
Rime group	幽	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	久	五
Old Chinese	/*kuʔ/	/*ŋaːʔ/

Noun

九五

(archaic) the emperor

the fifth bar (the second from the top) is a solid line, and has a numerical value of nine (old yang)

Derived terms

九五之位
九五之尊 (jiǔwǔzhīzūn)

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