いかだ

See also: いかた and いがた

Japanese
桴 (ikada): a raft on a river in Germany.
Alternative spellings
筏
桴 (uncommon)
栰 (rare)

Etymology

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[1][2]

Appears to be a compound. One proposed derivation might be from 厳し (ikashi, stem of Old Japanese adjective ikashi, “grand, large”) +‎ 板 (ita, “board”), with ikashi ita shifting to ika ita and then ikada.[3][4]

Pronunciation

Noun

いかだ or イカダ • (ikada) 

  1. 筏, 桴, 栰: [from 759] a raft
  2. 筏, 桴, 栰: [unknown] a raft armor
  3. 筏, 桴, 栰: [unknown] a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) shaped like a raft
  4. 筏, 桴, 栰: [unknown] a skewered baby-eel kabayaki

References
  1. Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 66
  2. c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 1, poem 50:
    , text here
  3. “いかだ 【筏・桴・栰】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) Paid subscription required‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
    Etymology theories listed in the entry:
    1. イカはウカブ（浮）の語根の転。タはイタ（板）の上略〔大言海〕。ウキテ（浮木手）の義〔言元梯〕。
    2. イカは大の意。タはヒラタのタで、竹木を編んだ大型のものの意〔東雅〕。イカイタ（大板）の義〔日本の言葉＝新村出〕。イカイタ（厳板）の合言〔古言類韻＝堀秀成〕。
    3. イカタ（烏賊手）の義〔和訓栞〕。
    4. イカツマの義。イは発語。カツマはヒマナクカタメ（無間堅目）の義のマナシカツマのカツマ〔名言通〕。
    5. ウキタナ（浮棚）の約転〔日本釈名〕。
  4. Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  5. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Old Japanese

Etymology

Appears to be a compound. One proposed derivation might be from 厳し (ikashi, stem of Old Japanese adjective ikashi, “grand, large”) +‎ 板 (ita, “board”), with ikashi ita shifting to ika ita and then ikada.[1][2]

Noun

いかだ (ikada)

  1. a raft
  2. a boat

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:いかだ.

References
  1. “いかだ 【筏・桴・栰】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) Paid subscription required‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
    Etymology theories listed in the entry:
    1. イカはウカブ（浮）の語根の転。タはイタ（板）の上略〔大言海〕。ウキテ（浮木手）の義〔言元梯〕。
    2. イカは大の意。タはヒラタのタで、竹木を編んだ大型のものの意〔東雅〕。イカイタ（大板）の義〔日本の言葉＝新村出〕。イカイタ（厳板）の合言〔古言類韻＝堀秀成〕。
    3. イカタ（烏賊手）の義〔和訓栞〕。
    4. イカツマの義。イは発語。カツマはヒマナクカタメ（無間堅目）の義のマナシカツマのカツマ〔名言通〕。
    5. ウキタナ（浮棚）の約転〔日本釈名〕。
  2. Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
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