ῥόδον

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms
  • βρόδον (bródon) — Aeolic
  • ϝρόδον (wródon) — Aeolic

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *wródon, borrowed from some Eastern language, most likely Proto-Iranian *wardah (“flower, rose”) (compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀺𐀈𐀸 (wo-do-we), Old Persian *vr̥dah, Aramaic 𐡅𐡀𐡓𐡃𐡀 (warda), Classical Syriac ܘܪܕܐ (wardā), Old Armenian վարդ (vard), Demotic wrṱ, Arabic وردة (warda), Persian گل (gol) – all from the same source). Or it could possibly be a Pre-Greek loan, such as Thracian (the rose was native to Thrace).[1] Rüdiger Schmitt believes that, based on phonological and historical grounds, borrowing from Iranian is unlikely.[2]

Latin rosa (“rose”) is likely a loanword from Ancient Greek.

Pronunciation
 

Noun

ῥόδον • (rhódon) n (genitive ῥόδου, diminutive ῥοδάριον); second declension

  1. rose (usually Rosa gallica)
  2. (in phrases)

Inflection
Second declension of τὸ ῥόδον; τοῦ ῥόδου (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative τὸ ῥόδον
tò rhódon		 τὼ ῥόδω
tṑ rhódō		 τᾰ̀ ῥόδᾰ
tà rhóda
Genitive τοῦ ῥόδου
toû rhódou		 τοῖν ῥόδοιν
toîn rhódoin		 τῶν ῥόδων
tôn rhódōn
Dative τῷ ῥόδῳ
tôi rhódōi		 τοῖν ῥόδοιν
toîn rhódoin		 τοῖς ῥόδοις
toîs rhódois
Accusative τὸ ῥόδον
tò rhódon		 τὼ ῥόδω
tṑ rhódō		 τᾰ̀ ῥόδᾰ
tà rhóda
Vocative ῥόδον
rhódon		 ῥόδω
rhódō		 ῥόδᾰ
rhóda
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.
Second declension of τὸ ῥόδον; τοῦ ῥόδου (Ionic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative τὸ ῥόδον
tò rhódon		 τὼ ῥόδω
tṑ rhódō		 τᾰ̀ ῥόδᾰ
tà rhóda
Genitive τοῦ ῥόδου
toû rhódou		 τοῖν ῥόδοιν
toîn rhódoin		 τῶν ῥόδων
tôn rhódōn
Dative τῷ ῥόδῳ
tôi rhódōi		 τοῖν ῥόδοιν
toîn rhódoin		 τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν ῥόδοισῐ / ῥόδοισῐν / ῥόδοις
toîsi(n) rhódoisi(n) / rhódois
Accusative τὸ ῥόδον
tò rhódon		 τὼ ῥόδω
tṑ rhódō		 τᾰ̀ ῥόδᾰ
tà rhóda
Vocative ῥόδον
rhódon		 ῥόδω
rhódō		 ῥόδᾰ
rhóda
Notes:
  • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms
  • ἀγριόρροδον (agriórrhodon)
  • διάρροδος (diárrhodos)
  • κυνόροδον (kunórodon)
  • λευκόροδον (leukórodon)
  • μυρόροδον (murórodon)
  • πολύρροδος (polúrrhodos)
  • ῥοδάκανθα (rhodákantha)
  • ῥοδάριον (rhodárion)
  • ῥοδέα (rhodéa)
  • ῥοδέη (rhodéē)
  • ῥόδειος (rhódeios)
  • ῥόδεος (rhódeos)
  • ῥοδεών (rhodeṓn)
  • ῥοδία (rhodía)
  • ῥοδιάς (rhodiás)
  • ῥοδίζω (rhodízō)
  • ῥοδινοπορφυροῦς (rhodinoporphuroûs)
  • ῥόδινος (rhódinos)
  • ῥοδίς (rhodís)
  • ῥοδίσια (rhodísia)
  • ῥοδισμός (rhodismós)
  • ῥοδίτης (rhodítēs)
  • ῥοδῖτις (rhodîtis)
  • ῥοδοβαφής (rhodobaphḗs)
  • ῥοδοδάκτυλος (rhododáktulos)
  • ῥοδοδάφνη (rhododáphnē)
  • ῥοδόδενδρον (rhodódendron)
  • ῥοδοειδής (rhodoeidḗs)
  • ῥοδόεις (rhodóeis)
  • ῥοδόκολπος (rhodókolpos)
  • ῥοδόμηλον (rhodómēlon)
  • ῥοδόπαχυς (rhodópakhus)
  • ῥοδόπεπλος (rhodópeplos)
  • ῥοδόπνοος (rhodópnoos)
  • ῥοδόπυγος (rhodópugos)
  • ῥοδοπώλης (rhodopṓlēs)
  • ῥοδόσταγμα (rhodóstagma)
  • ῥοδόστερνος (rhodósternos)
  • ῥοδοστεφής (rhodostephḗs)
  • ῥοδόσφυρος (rhodósphuros)
  • ῥοδών (rhodṓn)
  • ῥοδωνία (rhodōnía)
  • ῥοδωτός (rhodōtós)
  • ὑλόροδον (hulórodon)
  • φοινικόροδος (phoinikórodos)

Descendants
  • Greek: ρόδο (ródo)
  • ⇒ New Latin: rhodium (see there for further descendants)
  • →? Oscan:
    • →? Latin: rosa (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. T. G. Tucker, Etymological Dictionary of Latin, Ares Publishers, 1976 (reprint of 1931 edition).
  2. Rüdiger Schmitt (2017 May 7 (last accessed)) “Greece xi–xii. Persian Loanwords and Names in Greek”, in Encyclopædia Iranica‎, archived from the original on 17 May 2017.

Further reading
  • “ῥόδον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “ῥόδον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • ῥόδον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
  • “ῥόδον”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
  • Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
    • rose idem, page 721.
  • Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1290
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