ἤνυστρον
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- ἔνυστρον (énustron)
Etymology
The formation with ἔν- perhaps arose under the influence of ἔντερον (énteron, “intestine”) and ἐγκοίλιος (enkoílios, “entrails”), but it is late in any case. Assuming *ϝήνυστρον (*wḗnustron), this word is traditionally connected with Icelandic vinstur (“abomasum”), but it differs regarding the quantity of the first syllable and the color of the intermediate vowel. As a pre-form, *wend-tri- has been assumed, comparing German Wanst (“belly”), Latin venter (“belly”) and Sanskrit वस्ति (vasti, “bladder”). However, a digamma is uncertain, and the connection with these words seems most improbable, as the forms are not well comparable. According to Beekes, the ending in -στρον is Pre-Greek.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ɛ̌ː.nys.tron/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈe̝.nys.tron/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈi.nys.tron/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈi.nys.tron/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈi.nis.tron/
Inflection
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ ἤνῠστρον tò ḗnustron |
τὼ ἠνῠ́στρω tṑ ēnústrō |
τᾰ̀ ἤνῠστρᾰ tà ḗnustra | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ἠνῠ́στρου toû ēnústrou |
τοῖν ἠνῠ́στροιν toîn ēnústroin |
τῶν ἠνῠ́στρων tôn ēnústrōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ἠνῠ́στρῳ tôi ēnústrōi |
τοῖν ἠνῠ́στροιν toîn ēnústroin |
τοῖς ἠνῠ́στροις toîs ēnústrois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ ἤνῠστρον tò ḗnustron |
τὼ ἠνῠ́στρω tṑ ēnústrō |
τᾰ̀ ἤνῠστρᾰ tà ḗnustra | ||||||||||
Vocative | ἤνῠστρον ḗnustron |
ἠνῠ́στρω ēnústrō |
ἤνῠστρᾰ ḗnustra | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Further reading
- “ἤνυστρον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ἤνυστρον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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