ἐράω

Ancient Greek

Etymology 1

Uhlenbeck and others consider it cognate with Sanskrit रमते (rámate, “to calm down; to enjoy; to have sex with”), Lithuanian rimti (“calm down”), Gothic 𐍂𐌹𐌼𐌹𐍃 (rimis, “tranquility”), which all come from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rém-e-ti with *h₁rem- (“to rest”).[1] Beekes simply states “No etymology” and tentatively suggests a Pre-Greek origin.[2]

The original stem is ἐρᾰσ- (eras-), as shown by ἐραστός (erastós), ἐραννός (erannós), ἐράσμιος (erásmios, “lovely”) and ἐραστής (erastḗs, “lover”).[2]

Alternative forms

Pronunciation
 

Verb

ἐρᾰ́ω • (eráō)

  1. (construed with the genitive of person or with a cognate accusative) to love (with sexual passion), to be in love with
  2. (without sexual reference) to love warmly (opposed to φιλέω)
  3. (construed with the genitive of thing or with an infinitive) to love or desire passionately (to do something, when construed with an infinitive)
Usage notes
  • In the active voice, this verb only occurs in the present and imperfect tenses; for all other tenses in the active voice, forms of ἔραμαι (éramai) are supplied.
Conjugation
   Present: ἐρᾰ́ω, ἐρᾰ́ομαι (Uncontracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐρᾰ́ω ἐρᾰ́εις ἐρᾰ́ει ἐρᾰ́ετον ἐρᾰ́ετον ἐρᾰ́ομεν ἐρᾰ́ετε ἐρᾰ́ουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ἐρᾰ́ω ἐρᾰ́ῃς ἐρᾰ́ῃ ἐρᾰ́ητον ἐρᾰ́ητον ἐρᾰ́ωμεν ἐρᾰ́ητε ἐρᾰ́ωσῐ(ν)
optative ἐρᾰ́οιμῐ ἐρᾰ́οις ἐρᾰ́οι ἐρᾰ́οιτον ἐρᾰοίτην ἐρᾰ́οιμεν ἐρᾰ́οιτε ἐρᾰ́οιεν
imperative   ἔρᾰε ἐρᾰέτω ἐρᾰ́ετον ἐρᾰέτων   ἐρᾰ́ετε ἐρᾰόντων
middle/
passive		 indicative ἐρᾰ́ομαι ἐρᾰ́ῃ,
ἐρᾰ́ει		 ἐρᾰ́εται ἐρᾰ́εσθον ἐρᾰ́εσθον ἐρᾰόμεθᾰ ἐρᾰ́εσθε ἐρᾰ́ονται
subjunctive ἐρᾰ́ωμαι ἐρᾰ́ῃ ἐρᾰ́ηται ἐρᾰ́ησθον ἐρᾰ́ησθον ἐρᾰώμεθᾰ ἐρᾰ́ησθε ἐρᾰ́ωνται
optative ἐρᾰοίμην ἐρᾰ́οιο ἐρᾰ́οιτο ἐρᾰ́οισθον ἐρᾰοίσθην ἐρᾰοίμεθᾰ ἐρᾰ́οισθε ἐρᾰ́οιντο
imperative   ἐρᾰ́ου ἐρᾰέσθω ἐρᾰ́εσθον ἐρᾰέσθων   ἐρᾰ́εσθε ἐρᾰέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive ἐρᾰ́ειν ἐρᾰ́εσθαι
participle m ἐρᾰ́ων ἐρᾰόμενος
f ἐρᾰ́ουσᾰ ἐρᾰομένη
n ἐρᾰ́ον ἐρᾰόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Present: ἐρῶ, ἐρῶμαι (Contracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐρῶ ἐρᾷς ἐρᾷ ἐρᾶτον ἐρᾶτον ἐρῶμεν ἐρᾶτε ἐρῶσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ἐρῶ ἐρᾷς ἐρᾷ ἐρᾶτον ἐρᾶτον ἐρῶμεν ἐρᾶτε ἐρῶσῐ(ν)
optative ἐρῴην,
ἐρῷμῐ		 ἐρῴης,
ἐρῷς		 ἐρῴη,
ἐρῷ		 ἐρῷτον,
ἐρῴητον		 ἐρῴτην,
ἐρῳήτην		 ἐρῷμεν,
ἐρῴημεν		 ἐρῷτε,
ἐρῴητε		 ἐρῷεν,
ἐρῴησᾰν
imperative   ἔρᾱ ἐρᾱ́τω ἐρᾶτον ἐρᾱ́των   ἐρᾶτε ἐρώντων
middle/
passive		 indicative ἐρῶμαι ἐρᾷ ἐρᾶται ἐρᾶσθον ἐρᾶσθον ἐρώμεθᾰ ἐρᾶσθε ἐρῶνται
subjunctive ἐρῶμαι ἐρᾷ ἐρᾶται ἐρᾶσθον ἐρᾶσθον ἐρώμεθᾰ ἐρᾶσθε ἐρῶνται
optative ἐρῴμην ἐρῷο ἐρῷτο ἐρῷσθον ἐρῴσθην ἐρῴμεθᾰ ἐρῷσθε ἐρῷντο
imperative   ἐρῶ ἐρᾱ́σθω ἐρᾶσθον ἐρᾱ́σθων   ἐρᾶσθε ἐρᾱ́σθων
active middle/passive
infinitive ἐρᾶν ἐρᾶσθαι
participle m ἐρῶν ἐρώμενος
f ἐρῶσᾰ ἐρωμένη
n ἐρῶν ἐρώμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἤρᾰον, ἠρᾰόμην (Uncontracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἤρᾰον ἤρᾰες ἤρᾰε(ν) ἠρᾰ́ετον ἠρᾰέτην ἠρᾰ́ομεν ἠρᾰ́ετε ἤρᾰον
middle/
passive		 indicative ἠρᾰόμην ἠρᾰ́ου ἠρᾰ́ετο ἠρᾰ́εσθον ἠρᾰέσθην ἠρᾰόμεθᾰ ἠρᾰ́εσθε ἠρᾰ́οντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἤρων, ἠρώμην (Contracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἤρων ἤρᾱς ἤρᾱ ἠρᾶτον ἠρᾱ́την ἠρῶμεν ἠρᾶτε ἤρων
middle/
passive		 indicative ἠρώμην ἠρῶ ἠρᾶτο ἠρᾶσθον ἠρᾱ́σθην ἠρώμεθᾰ ἠρᾶσθε ἠρῶντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἠράσθην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
passive indicative ἠράσθην ἠράσθης ἠράσθη ἠράσθητον ἠρασθήτην ἠράσθημεν ἠράσθητε ἠράσθησᾰν
subjunctive ἐρασθῶ ἐρασθῇς ἐρασθῇ ἐρασθῆτον ἐρασθῆτον ἐρασθῶμεν ἐρασθῆτε ἐρασθῶσῐ(ν)
optative ἐρασθείην ἐρασθείης ἐρασθείη ἐρασθεῖτον,
ἐρασθείητον		 ἐρασθείτην,
ἐρασθειήτην		 ἐρασθεῖμεν,
ἐρασθείημεν		 ἐρασθεῖτε,
ἐρασθείητε		 ἐρασθεῖεν,
ἐρασθείησᾰν
imperative   ἐράσθητῐ ἐρασθήτω ἐράσθητον ἐρασθήτων   ἐράσθητε ἐρασθέντων
passive
infinitive ἐρασθῆναι
participle m ἐρασθείς
f ἐρασθεῖσᾰ
n ἐρασθέν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
Derived terms

References
  1. Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1898–1899) “rámate”, in Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der altindischen Sprache (in German), Amsterdam: Johannes Müller, page 245
  2. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἔραμαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 449

Further reading

Etymology 2

Uncertain. Possibly denominative from *ἔρα (*éra, “earth”) (as in ἔραζε (éraze), Doric Greek ἔρασδε (érasde, “on the ground”)).[1] This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation
 

Verb

ἐρᾱ́ω • (erā́ō)

  1. (usually in compounds) to pour forth, to vomit
Conjugation
   Present: ἐρᾰ́ω, ἐρᾰ́ομαι (Uncontracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐρᾰ́ω ἐρᾰ́εις ἐρᾰ́ει ἐρᾰ́ετον ἐρᾰ́ετον ἐρᾰ́ομεν ἐρᾰ́ετε ἐρᾰ́ουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ἐρᾰ́ω ἐρᾰ́ῃς ἐρᾰ́ῃ ἐρᾰ́ητον ἐρᾰ́ητον ἐρᾰ́ωμεν ἐρᾰ́ητε ἐρᾰ́ωσῐ(ν)
optative ἐρᾰ́οιμῐ ἐρᾰ́οις ἐρᾰ́οι ἐρᾰ́οιτον ἐρᾰοίτην ἐρᾰ́οιμεν ἐρᾰ́οιτε ἐρᾰ́οιεν
imperative   ἔρᾰε ἐρᾰέτω ἐρᾰ́ετον ἐρᾰέτων   ἐρᾰ́ετε ἐρᾰόντων
middle/
passive		 indicative ἐρᾰ́ομαι ἐρᾰ́ῃ,
ἐρᾰ́ει		 ἐρᾰ́εται ἐρᾰ́εσθον ἐρᾰ́εσθον ἐρᾰόμεθᾰ ἐρᾰ́εσθε ἐρᾰ́ονται
subjunctive ἐρᾰ́ωμαι ἐρᾰ́ῃ ἐρᾰ́ηται ἐρᾰ́ησθον ἐρᾰ́ησθον ἐρᾰώμεθᾰ ἐρᾰ́ησθε ἐρᾰ́ωνται
optative ἐρᾰοίμην ἐρᾰ́οιο ἐρᾰ́οιτο ἐρᾰ́οισθον ἐρᾰοίσθην ἐρᾰοίμεθᾰ ἐρᾰ́οισθε ἐρᾰ́οιντο
imperative   ἐρᾰ́ου ἐρᾰέσθω ἐρᾰ́εσθον ἐρᾰέσθων   ἐρᾰ́εσθε ἐρᾰέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive ἐρᾰ́ειν ἐρᾰ́εσθαι
participle m ἐρᾰ́ων ἐρᾰόμενος
f ἐρᾰ́ουσᾰ ἐρᾰομένη
n ἐρᾰ́ον ἐρᾰόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Present: ἐρῶ, ἐρῶμαι (Contracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐρῶ ἐρᾷς ἐρᾷ ἐρᾶτον ἐρᾶτον ἐρῶμεν ἐρᾶτε ἐρῶσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ἐρῶ ἐρᾷς ἐρᾷ ἐρᾶτον ἐρᾶτον ἐρῶμεν ἐρᾶτε ἐρῶσῐ(ν)
optative ἐρῴην,
ἐρῷμῐ		 ἐρῴης,
ἐρῷς		 ἐρῴη,
ἐρῷ		 ἐρῷτον,
ἐρῴητον		 ἐρῴτην,
ἐρῳήτην		 ἐρῷμεν,
ἐρῴημεν		 ἐρῷτε,
ἐρῴητε		 ἐρῷεν,
ἐρῴησᾰν
imperative   ἔρᾱ ἐρᾱ́τω ἐρᾶτον ἐρᾱ́των   ἐρᾶτε ἐρώντων
middle/
passive		 indicative ἐρῶμαι ἐρᾷ ἐρᾶται ἐρᾶσθον ἐρᾶσθον ἐρώμεθᾰ ἐρᾶσθε ἐρῶνται
subjunctive ἐρῶμαι ἐρᾷ ἐρᾶται ἐρᾶσθον ἐρᾶσθον ἐρώμεθᾰ ἐρᾶσθε ἐρῶνται
optative ἐρῴμην ἐρῷο ἐρῷτο ἐρῷσθον ἐρῴσθην ἐρῴμεθᾰ ἐρῷσθε ἐρῷντο
imperative   ἐρῶ ἐρᾱ́σθω ἐρᾶσθον ἐρᾱ́σθων   ἐρᾶσθε ἐρᾱ́σθων
active middle/passive
infinitive ἐρᾶν ἐρᾶσθαι
participle m ἐρῶν ἐρώμενος
f ἐρῶσᾰ ἐρωμένη
n ἐρῶν ἐρώμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἤρᾰον, ἠρᾰόμην (Uncontracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἤρᾰον ἤρᾰες ἤρᾰε(ν) ἠρᾰ́ετον ἠρᾰέτην ἠρᾰ́ομεν ἠρᾰ́ετε ἤρᾰον
middle/
passive		 indicative ἠρᾰόμην ἠρᾰ́ου ἠρᾰ́ετο ἠρᾰ́εσθον ἠρᾰέσθην ἠρᾰόμεθᾰ ἠρᾰ́εσθε ἠρᾰ́οντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἤρων, ἠρώμην (Contracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἤρων ἤρᾱς ἤρᾱ ἠρᾶτον ἠρᾱ́την ἠρῶμεν ἠρᾶτε ἤρων
middle/
passive		 indicative ἠρώμην ἠρῶ ἠρᾶτο ἠρᾶσθον ἠρᾱ́σθην ἠρώμεθᾰ ἠρᾶσθε ἠρῶντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: ἐρᾱ́σω, ἐρᾱ́σομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐρᾱ́σω ἐρᾱ́σεις ἐρᾱ́σει ἐρᾱ́σετον ἐρᾱ́σετον ἐρᾱ́σομεν ἐρᾱ́σετε ἐρᾱ́σουσῐ(ν)
optative ἐρᾱ́σοιμῐ ἐρᾱ́σοις ἐρᾱ́σοι ἐρᾱ́σοιτον ἐρᾱσοίτην ἐρᾱ́σοιμεν ἐρᾱ́σοιτε ἐρᾱ́σοιεν
middle indicative ἐρᾱ́σομαι ἐρᾱ́σῃ,
ἐρᾱ́σει		 ἐρᾱ́σεται ἐρᾱ́σεσθον ἐρᾱ́σεσθον ἐρᾱσόμεθᾰ ἐρᾱ́σεσθε ἐρᾱ́σονται
optative ἐρᾱσοίμην ἐρᾱ́σοιο ἐρᾱ́σοιτο ἐρᾱ́σοισθον ἐρᾱσοίσθην ἐρᾱσοίμεθᾰ ἐρᾱ́σοισθε ἐρᾱ́σοιντο
active middle
infinitive ἐρᾱ́σειν ἐρᾱ́σεσθαι
participle m ἐρᾱ́σων ἐρᾱσόμενος
f ἐρᾱ́σουσᾰ ἐρᾱσομένη
n ἐρᾶσον ἐρᾱσόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἤρᾱσᾰ, ἠρᾱσᾰ́μην, ἠρᾱ́θην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἤρᾱσᾰ ἤρᾱσᾰς ἤρᾱσε(ν) ἠρᾱ́σᾰτον ἠρᾱσᾰ́την ἠρᾱ́σᾰμεν ἠρᾱ́σᾰτε ἤρᾱσᾰν
subjunctive ἐρᾱ́σω ἐρᾱ́σῃς ἐρᾱ́σῃ ἐρᾱ́σητον ἐρᾱ́σητον ἐρᾱ́σωμεν ἐρᾱ́σητε ἐρᾱ́σωσῐ(ν)
optative ἐρᾱ́σαιμῐ ἐρᾱ́σειᾰς,
ἐρᾱ́σαις		 ἐρᾱ́σειε(ν),
ἐρᾱ́σαι		 ἐρᾱ́σαιτον ἐρᾱσαίτην ἐρᾱ́σαιμεν ἐρᾱ́σαιτε ἐρᾱ́σειᾰν,
ἐρᾱ́σαιεν
imperative   ἔρᾱσον ἐρᾱσᾰ́τω ἐρᾱ́σᾰτον ἐρᾱσᾰ́των   ἐρᾱ́σᾰτε ἐρᾱσᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ἠρᾱσᾰ́μην ἠρᾱ́σω ἠρᾱ́σᾰτο ἠρᾱ́σᾰσθον ἠρᾱσᾰ́σθην ἠρᾱσᾰ́μεθᾰ ἠρᾱ́σᾰσθε ἠρᾱ́σᾰντο
subjunctive ἐρᾱ́σωμαι ἐρᾱ́σῃ ἐρᾱ́σηται ἐρᾱ́σησθον ἐρᾱ́σησθον ἐρᾱσώμεθᾰ ἐρᾱ́σησθε ἐρᾱ́σωνται
optative ἐρᾱσαίμην ἐρᾱ́σαιο ἐρᾱ́σαιτο ἐρᾱ́σαισθον ἐρᾱσαίσθην ἐρᾱσαίμεθᾰ ἐρᾱ́σαισθε ἐρᾱ́σαιντο
imperative   ἔρᾱσαι ἐρᾱσᾰ́σθω ἐρᾱ́σᾰσθον ἐρᾱσᾰ́σθων   ἐρᾱ́σᾰσθε ἐρᾱσᾰ́σθων
passive indicative ἠρᾱ́θην ἠρᾱ́θης ἠρᾱ́θη ἠρᾱ́θητον ἠρᾱθήτην ἠρᾱ́θημεν ἠρᾱ́θητε ἠρᾱ́θησᾰν
subjunctive ἐρᾱθῶ ἐρᾱθῇς ἐρᾱθῇ ἐρᾱθῆτον ἐρᾱθῆτον ἐρᾱθῶμεν ἐρᾱθῆτε ἐρᾱθῶσῐ(ν)
optative ἐρᾱθείην ἐρᾱθείης ἐρᾱθείη ἐρᾱθεῖτον,
ἐρᾱθείητον		 ἐρᾱθείτην,
ἐρᾱθειήτην		 ἐρᾱθεῖμεν,
ἐρᾱθείημεν		 ἐρᾱθεῖτε,
ἐρᾱθείητε		 ἐρᾱθεῖεν,
ἐρᾱθείησᾰν
imperative   ἐρᾱ́θητῐ ἐρᾱθήτω ἐρᾱ́θητον ἐρᾱθήτων   ἐρᾱ́θητε ἐρᾱθέντων
active middle passive
infinitive ἐρᾶσαι ἐρᾱ́σᾰσθαι ἐρᾱθῆναι
participle m ἐρᾱ́σᾱς ἐρᾱσᾰ́μενος ἐρᾱθείς
f ἐρᾱ́σᾱσᾰ ἐρᾱσᾰμένη ἐρᾱθεῖσᾰ
n ἐρᾶσᾰν ἐρᾱσᾰ́μενον ἐρᾱθέν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: ἔρᾱκᾰ
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔρᾱκᾰ ἔρᾱκᾰς ἔρᾱκε(ν) ἐρᾱ́κᾰτον ἐρᾱ́κᾰτον ἐρᾱ́κᾰμεν ἐρᾱ́κᾰτε ἐρᾱ́κᾱσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ἐρᾱ́κω ἐρᾱ́κῃς ἐρᾱ́κῃ ἐρᾱ́κητον ἐρᾱ́κητον ἐρᾱ́κωμεν ἐρᾱ́κητε ἐρᾱ́κωσῐ(ν)
optative ἐρᾱ́κοιμῐ,
ἐρᾱκοίην		 ἐρᾱ́κοις,
ἐρᾱκοίης		 ἐρᾱ́κοι,
ἐρᾱκοίη		 ἐρᾱ́κοιτον ἐρᾱκοίτην ἐρᾱ́κοιμεν ἐρᾱ́κοιτε ἐρᾱ́κοιεν
imperative   ἔρᾱκε ἐρᾱκέτω ἐρᾱ́κετον ἐρᾱκέτων   ἐρᾱ́κετε ἐρᾱκόντων
active
infinitive ἐρᾱκέναι
participle m ἐρᾱκώς
f ἐρᾱκυῖᾰ
n ἐρᾱκός
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
Synonyms
  • κενόω (kenóō)
Derived terms
  • ἐξερᾱ́ω (exerā́ō)
  • κᾰτεξερᾱ́ω (katexerā́ō)
  • κᾰτερᾱ́ω (katerā́ō)
  • μετερᾱ́ω (meterā́ō)
  • σῠνερᾱ́ω (sunerā́ō)
  • ᾰ̓περᾱ́ω (aperā́ō)

References
  1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἀπεράω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 115

Further reading
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