მგელი
Georgian
მგელი
Etymology
From Old Georgian მგელი (mgeli); see below.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mɡeli/
- Hyphenation: მგე‧ლი
Audio (file)
Inflection
Declension of მგელი (see Georgian declension)
| singular | plural | archaic plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | მგელი (mgeli) | მგლები (mglebi) | მგელნი (mgelni) |
| ergative | მგელმა (mgelma) | მგლებმა (mglebma) | მგელთ(ა) (mgelt(a)) |
| dative | მგელს(ა) (mgels(a)) | მგლებს(ა) (mglebs(a)) | მგელთ(ა) (mgelt(a)) |
| genitive | მგლის(ა) (mglis(a)) | მგლების(ა) (mglebis(a)) | მგელთ(ა) (mgelt(a)) |
| instrumental | მგლით(ა) (mglit(a)) | მგლებით(ა) (mglebit(a)) | |
| adverbial | მგლად(ა) (mglad(a)) | მგლებად(ა) (mglebad(a)) | |
| vocative | მგელო (mgelo) | მგლებო (mglebo) | მგელნო (mgelno) |
| Notes: archaic plurals might not exist. | |||
Postpositional inflection of მგელი (see Georgian postpositions)
| postpositions taking a dative case | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| -ზე (on - ) | მგელზე (mgelze) | მგლებზე (mglebze) |
| -თან (near - ) | მგელთან (mgeltan) | მგლებთან (mglebtan) |
| -ში (in - ) | მგელში (mgelši) | მგლებში (mglebši) |
| -ვით (like a - ) | მგელივით (mgelivit) | მგლებივით (mglebivit) |
| postpositions taking a genitive case | singular | plural |
| -თვის (for - ) | მგლისთვის (mglistvis) | მგლებისთვის (mglebistvis) |
| -ებრ (like a - ) | მგლისებრ (mglisebr) | მგლებისებრ (mglebisebr) |
| -კენ (towards - ) | მგლისკენ (mglisḳen) | მგლებისკენ (mglebisḳen) |
| -გან (from/of - ) | მგლისგან (mglisgan) | მგლებისგან (mglebisgan) |
| postpositions taking an instrumental case | singular | plural |
| -დან (from / since - ) | მგლიდან (mglidan) | მგლებიდან (mglebidan) |
| -ურთ (together with - ) | მგლითურთ (mgliturt) | მგლებითურთ (mglebiturt) |
| postpositions taking an adverbial case | singular | plural |
| -მდე (up to - ) | მგლამდე (mglamde) | მგლებამდე (mglebamde) |
Old Georgian
Etymology
Related to Mingrelian გერი (geri) and Laz მგერი (mgeri).
Since long connected with Old Armenian գայլ (gayl, “wolf”)[1][2] and usually considered a borrowing from it, replacing the native term due to a taboo.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Note that dialectal Armenian գել (gel) is a late development within Armenian and is not particularly relevant for the comparison.
According to Klimov's earlier work, from Proto-Georgian-Zan *mgel- (“wolf”), he however remarks that in Mingrelian-Laz *მგარ- (*mgar-) is expected.[12] In Klimov's more recent works, he no longer reconstructs Proto-Georgian-Zan, and is inclined to agree with the Armenian origin.[13][14][15][16]
Descendants
References
- Brosset, M. (1834) “Aperçu général de la langue géorgienne”, in Journal asiatique (in French), volume 14, page 378 of 369–405
- Tomaschek, Wilhelm (1883) “Review of Hübschmann 1883”, in Deutsche Litteraturzeitung (in German), volume IV, number 36, Berlin, columns 1253–1254
- Riabinin, Michel (1894) “Essai sur l'histoire comparée des liquides ivériennes”, in Mémoires de la Société de Linguistique de Paris (in French), volume VIII, page 371 of 369–381
- Марр, Н. (1901) Тексты и разыскания по армяно-грузинской филологии. Книга III. Ипполит. Толкование Песни песней. Грузинский текст по рукописи X в. [Texts and research in Armenian–Georgian philology. Book III. Hippolytus. Commentary on the Song of Songs. The Georgian text based on a 10th c. manuscript] (Издания Факультета восточных языков Императорского С.-Петербургского университета; 5), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page LXV
- Kluge, Theodor (1914) “Die Indo-Germanischen Lehnwörter im Georgischen (Suite)”, in Revue de linguistique et de philologie comparée (in German), volume 47, Paris, page 31
- Solta, G. R. (1960) Die Stellung des Armenischen im Kreise der indogermanischen Sprachen (Studien zur armenischen Geschichte; 9) (in German), Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, page 33
- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “գայլ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, page 512b
- Gamkrelidze, Th. V., Ivanov, V. V. (1995) Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans. A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture. Part I: The Text (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 80), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 416
- Tuite, Kevin, Schulze, Wolfgang (1998) “A Case of Taboo-Motivated Lexical Replacement in the Indigenous Languages of the Caucasus”, in Anthropological Linguistics, volume 40, number 3, page 372 of 363–383
- Greppin, John A. C. (2000) “Armenian and the Kartvelian Languages”, in Y. L. Arbeitman, editor, The Asia Minor Connexion: Studies on the Pre-Greek Languages in Memory of Charles Carter, Leuven – Paris: Peeters, page 88, footnote 18 of 85–91
- Fähnrich, Heinz (1994) Grammatik der altgeorgischen Sprache (in German), Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag, page 250
- Klimov, G. A. (1964) “*mgel-”, in Этимологический словарь картвельских языков [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Academy Press, page 130
- Климов, Г. А. (1969) “Абхазоадыгско-картвельские лексические параллели [Abkhaz-Adyghe and Kartvelian lexical parallels]”, in Этимология (in Russian), number 1967, Moscow: Nauka, page 290 of 286–295
- Klimov, G. A. (1985) “Дополнения к этимологическому словарю картвельских языков. II [Additions to the Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages. II]”, in Этимология (in Russian), number 1983, Moscow: Nauka, page 168 of 166–179
- Климов, Г. А. (1986) Введение в кавказское языкознание [Introduction to Caucasian Linguistics] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 124
- Klimov, G. A. (1994) Einführung in die kaukasische Sprachwissenschaft [Introduction to Caucasian Linguistics] (in German), German adaptation by Jost Gippert, Hamburg: Buske Helmut, page 196
Further reading
- Abulaʒe, Ilia (1973) “მგელი”, in Ʒveli kartuli enis leksiḳoni (masalebi) [Dictionary of Old Georgian (Materials)] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Metsniereba, page 225
- Deeters, Gerhard (1926) “Armenisch und Südkaukasisch. (Ein Beitrag zur Frage der Sprachmischung)”, in A. Dirr, editor, Caucasica: Zeitschrift für die Erforschung der Sprachen und Kulturen des Kaukasus (in German), number 3, Leipzig: Verlag der Asia Major, page 67 of 37–82
- Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 397, considering the similarity with the Armenian accidental
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